Unit 6 Test 1

Question 1

Sand Creek Massacre

Answer 1

an atrocity in the American Indian Wars that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 700-man force of Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed a peaceful village of Cheyenne and Arapaho inhabited in southeastern Colorado Territory,[3] killing and mutilating an estimated 70–163 Indians, about two-thirds of whom were women and children.

Question 2

Treaty of Fort Laramie

Answer 2

In the spring of 1868 a conference was held at Fort Laramie, in present day Wyoming, which resulted in a treaty with the Sioux. This treaty was to bring peace between the whites and the Sioux who agreed to settle within the Black Hills reservation in the Dakota Territory.

Question 3

Edmunds-Tucker Act

Answer 3

The Edmunds–Tucker Act of 1887 was an Act of Congress that focused on restricting some practices of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It was passed in response to the dispute between the United States Congress and the LDS Church regarding polygamy.

Question 4

Lynching

Answer 4

kill (someone), especially by hanging, for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial.

Question 5

Homestead Act of 1862

Answer 5

The first of the acts, the Homestead Act of 1862, was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862. Anyone who had never taken up arms against the U.S. government (including freed slaves and women), was 21 years or older, or the head of a family, could file an application to claim a federal land grant.

Question 6

Morrill Act of 1862

Answer 6

Officially titled “An Act Donating Public Lands to the Several States and Territories which may provide Colleges for the Benefit of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts,” the Morrill Act provided each state with 30,000 acres of Federal land for each member in their Congressional delegation.

Question 7

Forest Management Act

Answer 7

This law was the first step toward legislation concerning the management, protection and care of the nation’s forest reserves. It specified the purpose for establishing reserves as well as the administration and protection, granted the Secretary of the United States Department of the Interior the authority in rule-making and regulations of reserves, allowed the General Land Office (GLO) to hire employees for the necessary administrative tasks and opened the reserves for public use, specifically stated the criteria for new forest reserve designations, which were timber production, watershed protection and forest protection, gave the United States Geological Survey (USGS) the responsibility for mapping the reserves and designations, which were timber production, watershed protection and forest protection, and gave the United States Geological Survey (USGS) the responsibility for mapping the reserves.

Question 8

Omaha Act of 1862

Answer 8

The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 authorized the Union Pacific Railroad and the Central Pacific Railroad to build a railroad and a telegraph line beginning in Omaha, Nebraska and ending in Sacramento, California

Question 9

Dawes Severalty Act

Answer 9

Approved on February 8, 1887, “An Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various Reservations,” known as the Dawes Act, emphasized severalty, the treatment of Native Americans as individuals rather than as members of tribes.

Question 10

Vertical Integration

Answer 10

the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies

Question 11

Horizontal Combination

Answer 11

the act of combining into an integral whole; “a consolidation of two corporations”; “after their consolidation the two bills were passed unanimously”; “the defendants asked for a consolidation of the actions against them”

Question 12

Gospel of Wealth

Answer 12

“Savage Wealth”, more commonly known as “The Gospel of Wealth”, is an article written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich. Carnegie proposed that the best way of dealing with the new phenomenon of wealth inequality was for the wealthy to redistribute their surplus means in a responsible and thoughtful manner.

Question 13

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 13

The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882. It was one of the most significant restrictions on free immigration in US history, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.

Question 14

Knights of Labor

Answer 14

The Knights of Labor (K of L), officially Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 1880s. Its most important leader was Terence V. Powderly.

Question 15

American Federation of Labor

Answer 15

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was the first federation of labor unions in the United States. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio, in May 1886 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labor, a national labor association.

Question 16

Tenements

Answer 16

a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments.

Question 17

Gilded Age

Answer 17

The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. The term was coined by writer Mark Twain in The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (1873), which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding. It was an era of rapid economic growth, especially in the North and West. American wages, especially for skilled workers, were much higher than in Europe, which attracted millions of immigrants. The increase of industrialization meant, despite the increasing labor force, real wages in the US grew 60% from 1860 to 1890, and continued to rise after that. However, the Gilded Age was also an era of poverty as very poor European immigrants poured in