Unit 8 part 2 Flashcards
Bay of Pigs
Invasion, 1961, an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles, supported by the U.S. government. On Apr. 17, 1961, an armed force of about 1,500 Cuban exiles landed in the Bahía de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) on the south coast of Cuba.
Cuban Missile Crisis
confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the “hottest” periods of the cold war.
Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
an agreement signed by Britain, the Soviet Union, and the U.S. in 1963, committing nations to halt atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons: by the end of 1963, 96 additional nations had signed the treaty
Great Society
a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964-65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice, also clean air and water, and expanded educational opportunities
Congress of Racial Equality35. Brown v. Board of Education
(CORE) is a U.S. civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. Founded in 1942, CORE was one of the “Big Four” civil rights organizations, along with the SCLC, the SNCC, and the NAACP.
Brown v. Board of Education
(1954) The U.S. Supreme Court decision that outlawed segregation in public education by finding that separate public schools for blacks and whites were inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional. Generally viewed as the turning point in the Civil Rights Movement
Southern Manifesto (aka The Declaration of Constitutional Principles)
a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places and was signed by 19 Senators and 77 members of the House of Representatives It urged southerners to exhaust all “lawful means” to resist the “chaos and confusion” that would result from school desegregation
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
a civil-rights organization founded in 1957 by the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. Abbreviation: SCLC ; important to the civil rights movement; advocated nonviolent passive resistance as the means of securing equality
Montgomery Bus Boycott
a seminal event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama; Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, it lasted 13 months and ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
a U.S. civil-rights organization formed by students and played a central role in the 1960s, whose aim was to achieve political and economic equality for blacks through local and regional action groups
sit-ins
form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met; began at a lunch counter in Woolworth’s in Greensboro, North Carolina, on February 1, 1960 and brought national attention to segregation
Freedom rides
a series of political protests against segregation by blacks and whites who rode buses together through the American South in the early 1960s
March on Washington
a political rally to protest racial discrimination and to show support for major civil rights legislation that was pending in Congress; held On August 28, 1963, more than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington, D.C., led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Federal legislation that ended racial segregation nationwide in education, employment, public facilities and voting facilities …
Freedom Summer
a campaign launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi, which had historically excluded most blacks from voting; aka Mississippi Summer Project
Nation of Islam (NOI)
members are known as Black Muslims; an Islamic religious movement founded on July 4, 1930 in Detroit, Michigan, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad ; originally favored the separation of black and white racial groups in the US:
Malcolm X
A prominent Black Muslim,one of the most revolutionary and politically powerful black nationalist leaders of the 1960s who preached that black people should defend and advance themselves “by any means necessary
Martin Luther King, Jr
an American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and the most prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.
John Lewis
An American labor leader of the twentieth century. Lewis served for many years as president of the United Mine Workers and founded the Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO):;helped raise living standards for millions of American families in the 1930s.
Thurgood Marshall
the first African American to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court; served as the 96th justice from 1967 to 1991
Diane Nash
a leader and strategist of the student wing of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement.a founding member of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); coordinator of the Nashville Student Movement Ride
Voting Rights Act of 1965
law that eliminated various devices, such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people.
League of United Latin American Citizens
(LULAC), founded in 1929 inTexas, is the oldest and most widely respected Hispanic civil rights organization in the US
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965,
aka The Hart-Celler Act; abolished the national origins quota system that was American immigration policy since the 1920s, replacing it with a preference system that focused on immigrants’ skills and family relationships with citizens or U.S. residents.
