Unit 8 part 2

Question 1

Bay of Pigs

Answer 1

Invasion, 1961, an unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles, supported by the U.S. government. On Apr. 17, 1961, an armed force of about 1,500 Cuban exiles landed in the Bahía de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) on the south coast of Cuba.

Question 2

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 2

confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the “hottest” periods of the cold war.

Question 3

Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Answer 3

an agreement signed by Britain, the Soviet Union, and the U.S. in 1963, committing nations to halt atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons: by the end of 1963, 96 additional nations had signed the treaty

Question 4

Great Society

Answer 4

a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964-65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice, also clean air and water, and expanded educational opportunities

Question 5

Congress of Racial Equality35. Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 5

(CORE) is a U.S. civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. Founded in 1942, CORE was one of the “Big Four” civil rights organizations, along with the SCLC, the SNCC, and the NAACP.

Question 6

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 6

(1954) The U.S. Supreme Court decision that outlawed segregation in public education by finding that separate public schools for blacks and whites were inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional. Generally viewed as the turning point in the Civil Rights Movement

Question 7

Southern Manifesto (aka The Declaration of Constitutional Principles)

Answer 7

a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places and was signed by 19 Senators and 77 members of the House of Representatives It urged southerners to exhaust all “lawful means” to resist the “chaos and confusion” that would result from school desegregation

Question 8

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Answer 8

a civil-rights organization founded in 1957 by the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. Abbreviation: SCLC ; important to the civil rights movement; advocated nonviolent passive resistance as the means of securing equality

Question 9

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 9

a seminal event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama; Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, it lasted 13 months and ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional.

Question 10

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Answer 10

a U.S. civil-rights organization formed by students and played a central role in the 1960s, whose aim was to achieve political and economic equality for blacks through local and regional action groups

Question 11

sit-ins

Answer 11

form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met; began at a lunch counter in Woolworth’s in Greensboro, North Carolina, on February 1, 1960 and brought national attention to segregation

Question 12

Freedom rides

Answer 12

a series of political protests against segregation by blacks and whites who rode buses together through the American South in the early 1960s

Question 13

March on Washington

Answer 13

a political rally to protest racial discrimination and to show support for major civil rights legislation that was pending in Congress; held On August 28, 1963, more than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington, D.C., led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr

Question 14

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 14

Federal legislation that ended racial segregation nationwide in education, employment, public facilities and voting facilities …

Question 15

Freedom Summer

Answer 15

a campaign launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi, which had historically excluded most blacks from voting; aka Mississippi Summer Project

Question 16

Nation of Islam (NOI)

Answer 16

members are known as Black Muslims; an Islamic religious movement founded on July 4, 1930 in Detroit, Michigan, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad ; originally favored the separation of black and white racial groups in the US:

Question 17

Malcolm X

Answer 17

A prominent Black Muslim,one of the most revolutionary and politically powerful black nationalist leaders of the 1960s who preached that black people should defend and advance themselves “by any means necessary

Question 18

Martin Luther King, Jr

Answer 18

an American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and the most prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.

Question 19

John Lewis

Answer 19

An American labor leader of the twentieth century. Lewis served for many years as president of the United Mine Workers and founded the Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO):;helped raise living standards for millions of American families in the 1930s.

Question 20

Thurgood Marshall

Answer 20

the first African American to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court; served as the 96th justice from 1967 to 1991

Question 21

Diane Nash

Answer 21

a leader and strategist of the student wing of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement.a founding member of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); coordinator of the Nashville Student Movement Ride

Question 22

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 22

law that eliminated various devices, such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people.

Question 23

League of United Latin American Citizens

Answer 23

(LULAC), founded in 1929 inTexas, is the oldest and most widely respected Hispanic civil rights organization in the US

Question 24

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965,

Answer 24

aka The Hart-Celler Act; abolished the national origins quota system that was American immigration policy since the 1920s, replacing it with a preference system that focused on immigrants’ skills and family relationships with citizens or U.S. residents.

Question 25

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Answer 25

granted President Lyndon B. Johnson the authority to assist any Southeast Asian country whose government was considered to be jeopardized by “communist aggression”.

Question 26

Students for a Democratic Society

Answer 26

(SDS), American student organization that flourished in the mid-to-late 1960s and was known for its activism against the Vietnam War.was one of the main representations of the New Left

Question 27

free speech movement

Answer 27

(FSM) began in 1964, when students at the University of California, Berkeley protested a ban on on-campus political activities. The FSM was a college campus phenomenon inspired first by the struggle for civil rights and later fueled by opposition to the Vietnam War.

Question 28

counterculture

Answer 28

A protest movement by American youth that arose in the late 1960s and faded during the late 1970s. According to some, young people in the United States were forming a culture of their own, opposed to the culture of Middle America.

Question 29

Woodstock festival

Answer 29

400,000 young people assembled in 1969 for a rock music festival in Woodstock, NY. The size of the crowd and the prevalence of hippie dress and customs led to use of the term Woodstock nation to indicate the youth counterculture of the late 1960s.