Unit 8 : Skeletal System Flashcards
The Skeletal System
is the framework of bones and cartilage that protects organs and allows movement.
Regions of the Skeleton
The regions of the skeleton are:
-
Axial Skeleton - forms the central axis
- skull, hyoid, vertebral column, ribs, sternum and sacrum
-
Appendicular Skeleton - includes the:
- Pectoral Girdle
- Upper Extremity
- Pelvic Girdle
- Lower Extremity
# of Bones
The human skeleton consist of 206 Bones in typical adult skeleton
Skull Sutures
There are 4 sutures moveable joints found only between skull bones:
- Coronal
- Sagital
- Lamboid
- Squamous
The Skull
The skull has 22 bones that held together by sutures:
- 8 Cranial Bones
- 14 Facial Bones
Skull - Cranial Bones
8 Cranial bones encloses the brain:
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
- Occiptal
- Ethmoid
- Temporal (2)
- Parietal (2)
Skull - Facial
The 14 Facial bones support Teeth & form Nasal Cavity, and no contact with the brain are:
- Nasal Bones (2)
- Maxilla (2)
- Zygomatic (2)
- Lacrimal (2)
- Palatine (2)
- Inferior Nasal Concha (2)
- Vomer
- Mandible
Temporal Bone + Ear Bone
There are (3) Three Parts to the Temporal Boxed Ear Bone:
-
Squamous Part
- Zygomatic Process
-
Petrous Part
- Ear
- Styloid Pocess - for muscle attachment
-
Mastoid Process
- Looks like
Occipital Bone
The occipital bone is at the rear of skull, two key parts of the occipital bone are:
-
Foramen Magnum
- This is where the Spinal Cord passes through
-
Occipital Condyles
- This is where the skulls rest on the Atlas vertibrate
Sphenoid Bone
The sphenoid bone is THE skull bone, it holds the:
-
Body of the Sphenoid
- Sella Turcia
- Houses the Pituitary Glads
-
Lesser Wing
- Optica Foramen
-
Great Wings
- Foramen Rotundum + Ovale for trigeminal Nerve
- Foramen Spinosum For Meningeal Artery
Ethmoid Bone
The Ethmoid Bone is the Stinky bone, it is:
- Found between the orbital cavities
- Forms lateral walls and roof of nasal cavity
- Crista galli is a structure inside the cranium
- Nasal Concha \ turbinates is on the lateral wall and protrudes into the breathing passage
Inferior Nasal Conchae
is a separate bone, thats Not a part of the ethmoid like the superior & middle concha
Hyoid Bone
The Hyoid Bone is a:
- Provides attachment for the tongue muscles, neck muscles
- U-shape bone
- It doesn’t articulate with no other bone
Anterior Fontanel
The anterior fontanel is commonly called the “soft spot”
- It enables the Fetal Skull to get through the birth canal
- Allows for rapid brain growth
- Fuse to bone by age 2
Chiropractic
Chiropractic (Chiro = hand, practic = done by) it is a:
- a holistic, drugless science of spinal care
- and it’s relationship to the nervous system and health
The Vertebrae Column
- There are 26 Moveable Vertebrae
- There are 33 Total Vertebrae
Vertebral Groups
There are (5) Five Vertebral Groups
-
7 Cervical in the Neck
[7 Days in week] -
12 Thoracic in the Chest
[12 Months of the Year] -
5 Lumbar in Lower Back
* *[**5 working Days of week] - 1 Sacrum (5 fused bones)
-
1 Coccyx (4 fused bones)
[2 Day Week (Sacrum+Coccyx)]
Spinal Curvatures
The adult spinal cord is a S-shped vertebrate that has 4 Curvatures.
- The Secondary Curvature, is developed after birth, and begins during crawling as baby begin living head.
- The Lumbar Curvature provides ability to walk upright
Sacrum
- The Sacrum has 5 Separate Sacral Vertebrae that are fused by age 26
- Sacral Canal starts at Top and Ends as the Sacral Hiatus
- Auricular surface is part of sacroiliac joint
Coccyx
The Coccyx is a single, small, triangular bone, it has:
- 4 Small vertebrae that are fused by age 30
- It is fractured by falls or during childbirth
Axis (C2)
Axis (C2 Vertebra) supports the first cervical vertebra (C1), it has:
- A vertebral body
- The body of the Atlas is the Dens of the Axis
- The Dens or Odontoid Process is held in place inside the vertebral foramen of the atlas by Ligaments
Atlas (C1)
Atlas (C1) supports the Skull and has No Body, it is:
- It is comprised of two bony arches with two bony masses laterally.
- It articulates with the Occiput above and C2 (the Axis) below.
Humerus
The humerus is a long bone which consists of a shaft (diaphysis) and two extremities (epiphysis). It is the longest bone of the upper extremity.
- The Head of the Humerus forms the shoulder joint with the Glenoid Fossa of the scapula
- Muscle attach to the Great & Lesser Tubercles and the Deltoid Tuberosity.
- Forearm muscles attach to Medial & Lateral Epicondyles
Carpal Bones
The Carpal Bones has a total of 8 Bones. It has (2) two rows containing 4 bones each. Proximal is the First Row, and Distal the Second row:
Proximal:
- Pisiform
- Lunate
- Scaphoid
- Triquetrum
Distal:
- Hamate
- Capitate
- Trapezoid
- Trapezium
Metacarpals
Metacarpals are bones of the palm
Phalanges
Phalanges are bones of the fingers
- Thumb has Proximal & Distal Phalanx
- Fingers have Proximal, Middle & Distal Phalanx
Femur
The Femur is the Largest and Heaviest bone in the body.
- Head of the Femur, Articulates with the Acetabulum of the Pelvis
- The Hole in the Head of Femur is called Fovea Capitis
- Great & Lesser Trochanters are for Muscle attachment
- Medial & Lateral Condyles are found Distally
Patella
Patella is your Knee-Cup and is Triangular Sesamoid Bone (Sesamoid - is found in ligaments and tendons)
Tibia
The Tibia is thick, strong weight-bearing bone on medial side of leg:
- It has 2 Flat Articular Surfaces (Medial & Lateral Condyles)
- The Tibial Tuberosity is a roughened anterior surface below the Patella
- The Distal Expansion is the Medial Malleolus
Fibula
The Fibula is a slender Lateral Strut that helps stabilize the Ankle:
- The Fibula does not bear any of the body’s weight
- Its joined to Tibia by Interosseous Membrame
- The Lateral Malleous is Distal Expansion
Foot
The foot consist of 26 bones:
- 7 Tarals
- 5 Metatarsals
- 14 Phalanges
Foot Pathology
- Flatfoot = is the flattening of the Medial Longitudinal arches
- Plantar Fascitis = Inflamed Plantar Liagment
- Heel Spur = Bony spur on the anterior calcaneus
- Bunion = Deformity of the Distal Great Toe Laterally
