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A & P I > Unit 6 : Skin > Flashcards

Unit 6 : Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Skin Layers

A

There are Two (2) layers of skin:

  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
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2
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Its deep below the Dermis , its also called Hypodermis or Superficial Fascia

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3
Q

Epidermis

A

The Epidermis consist of five (5) layers:

(Big . Sweet . Guys . Love . Candy)

  1. Stratum BASAL
  2. Stratum SPINOSUM
  3. Stratum GRANULOSUM
  4. Stratum LUCIDUM
  5. Stratum CORNEUM
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4
Q

Integumentary System

A

The Integumentary System is made up of the:

  1. Skin
  2. Nails
  3. Hair
  4. Glands
  5. Nerve Endings
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5
Q

Largest Organ

A

Skin is largest organ of the body

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6
Q

Stratum BASAL

A
  • This layer provides new cells by mitotic cell division.
  • Stratum Basal is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis.
  • The Stratum Basal is most the external covering of skin in mammals.
  • The stratum Basal is a single layer of columnar or cuboidal basal cells.
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7
Q

Stratum SPINOSUM

A
  • It provides structural support, helping the skin resist abrasion. (Spine Like)
  • Found between the stratum Granulosum and stratum Basal
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8
Q

Stratum GRANULOSUM

A
  • Helps to form a waterproof barrier that functions to prevent fluid loss from the body.
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9
Q

Stratum LUCIDUM

A
  • Is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis.
  • Found in the PALMS and FEET ONLY
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10
Q

Stratum CORNEUM

A
  • Composed of flat, dead cells that continually flake away
  • Is a vital barrier of the skin
  • The horny outer layer of the skin (Crown Like Shape)
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11
Q

Epidermal Layers - Order

A

Come :: Lets :: Get :: Sun :: Burnt

  • From top to bottom -
  1. CORNEUM
  2. LUCIDUM
  3. GRANULOSUM
  4. SPINOSUM
  5. BASAL
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12
Q

Epidermis Cells Anatomy

A

EPI = Above, top layer of skin Keratinocytes Melanocytes Langerhans Merckel

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13
Q

Keratinocytes

A

are the primary type of cell found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. It is an epidermal cell that produces keratin protein, waterproofs, protects, (never needs ironing).

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14
Q

Dermis Cells Anatomy

A
  1. Dermal Papillae
  2. Meissner’s Corpuscles
  3. is Extensibility = stretch ability
  4. is Elasticity = bounce back ability
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15
Q

Dermal Papillae forms?

A

Fingerprints

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16
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscles

A

are found in the upper dermis, they are found primarily in the glabrous skin on the fingertips and eyelids.

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17
Q

Fingerprints

A
  • Conform to the underlying dermal papillae - Increase grip by increasing friction - Comes in, loops, arches, whorls (LAW)
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18
Q

Where does Callus occurs

A

Epidermis

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19
Q

Where does Stretch Marks occurs

A

Dermis

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20
Q

Skin Thickness

A

The closest estimate of the average thickness of the skin is 1.5 mm

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21
Q

New Skin frequency

A

We get new skin every 2-4 weeks

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22
Q

Percentage of Household Dust

A

Seventy-five (75%) percent of house dust is dead skin

23
Q

Why skin color varies

A

Skin color results from differences in exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR)

24
Q

UVR has a Desirable Effect

A

UVR helps stimulates synthesis of vitamin D necessary for dietary calcium absorption.

25
Skin Color : Black People
People native to the tropics and their descendants tend to have well-melanized skin to screen out excessive UVR
26
Skin Color : Black
People native to the tropics and their descendants tend to have "well-melanized" skin to screen out excessive UVR - Melanin
27
Skin Color : White
Their skin color consist of blood hemoglobin and carotene with little melanin People native to far northern latitudes where the sunlight is weak, tend to have light skin to allow for adequate UVR penetration.
28
Skin Color : Albinos
Lack melanocytes
29
Skin Color : Asians
Carotene
30
Abnormal Skin Colors
1. **Cyanosis** is blueness 2. **Erythema** is redness can be from sunburn 3. **Jaundice** is yellowness 4. **Pallor** is paleness
31
Hemangioma
Birthmarks - Discolored skin caused by benign tumors of dermal blood capillaries
32
Abnormal Skin Colors
1. **Cyanosis** is blueness 2. **Erythema** is redness can be from sunburn 3. **Jaundice** is yellowness 4. **Pallor** is paleness
33
Freckles & Moles
is the aggregations of melanocytes - Freckles are flat; Moles are elevated
34
Flexion Creases
Is formed after birth by repeated closing of the hand
35
Functions of the Skin **(RED TIP)**
1. **R**eceptors for sensory functions (Heat, Cold, Touch, Pain) 2. **E**motions / Psychological - Facial Expression, Nonverbal, Appearance 3. **D** Vitamin Synthesis - 4. **T**emperature Regulation - Hot or Cold 5. **I**mmunity 6. **P**rotection (water barrier, UV barrier)
36
**Skin Regulates Body Temperature**
* If the body is **cold** - Blood vessels closing will occur in the skin * To decrease the cooling effect sweat has to the skin * If the body to **heated**: Vasodilation (opening) of the blood vessels occurs in the skin * To increase the surface area of the skin to the air to cool the blood
37
**Hair Function**
* **Hair** - protection from sun, heat loss * **Body Hair** - alerts us to bugs crawling on skin * **Scalp hair** - provides heat retention & sunburn cover * **Pubic hair** - indicate sexual maturity & distribute sexual scents
38
**Hair Anatomy**
1. Shaft 2. Root 3. Follicle 4. Bulb (growth) 5. Sebaceous gland (oil) 6. Arrector pili muscle (goose bumps)
39
**Body hair**
alerts us to bugs crawling on skin
40
**Scalp Hair**
provides heat retention & sunburn cover
41
**Pubic & Axillary hair**
indicate sexual maturity & help distribute sexual scents
42
**Cutaneous Glands**
The Cutaneous Glands is a collection of a Glads that includes the: 1. **Sweat Glads** 2. **Mammary Glads** (AKA the Mama Gald, because it secretes Milk from Nipples) 3. **Sebaceous Glads**
43
**Ceruminous Glands**
* Found only in external ear canal * Produce a waxy substance called cerumen * Specialized sudoriferous glands (_sweat glands_) * Ceruminous gland secretion combines with sebum and dead epithelial cells to form earwax
44
**Earwax**
* Keeps eardrum pliable * Waterproofs the canal, Kills bacteria * Makes the ear hairs sticky to prevent bugs
45
**Skin Cancer**
Induced by UV rays of the sun **Type of Skin Cancer**: 1. Basal cell carcinoma 2. Squamous cell Carcinoma 3. Malignant Melanoma (deadly cancer)
46
**Signs of Skin Cancer**
There are six (6) signs of Skin Cancer: **A.B.C.D.E** 1. Asymmetry 2. Border Irregular 3. Color Mixed 4. Diameter over 6 mm 5. ..and Evolving
47
**Skin Cancer Prevention**
Methods to Prevent Skin Cancers: 1. Beta-carotene 2. Anti-oxidants 3. Dermatologist exam 4. Avoid tanning beds
48
Basal Cell Carcinoma
49
Malignant Melanoma
50
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
51
**Third Degree Burns**
Third degree burns are not painful because they cause destruction of the sensory nerve endings in the involved skin.
52
**Skin Burns**
Types of Skin Burns Includes: 1. **Partial Thickness** 1. First Degree 2. Second Degree 2. **Full Thickness** 1. Third Dgree
53
**Inflammation**
is a defense response from cell damage due to: 1. **Bugs** 2. **Physical Trauma** 3. **Chemical Agents** such as diet
54
**Cardinal Signs**
Five (5) Cardinal Signs of Inflammation: 1. **Pain** – caused by inflammatory chemicals (bradykinin, prostaglandins) secreted by damaged cells, pressure on nerves 2. **Heat** – caused by hyperemia 3. **Redness** (erythema) – caused by hyperemia (­ blood flow) 4. **Swelling** (edema) – caused by ­ capillary permeability and filtration

A & P I (4 decks)

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