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CPS ADV. - McQuaid > Unit 8 Review > Flashcards

Unit 8 Review Flashcards

1
Q

__________ is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

For something to be considered matter, what criteria does it need?

A
  1. has mass
  2. takes up space
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3
Q

True or false: Energy and light are two types of matter.

A

False

Energy and light are not tangible substances with masses.

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4
Q
A
  1. Substance
  2. Mixture
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5
Q
A
  1. Element
  2. Compound
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6
Q

Classify each of the following as elements, compounds, or mixtures.
* Diamond (C)
* Iron (Fe)
* Air
* Alcohol (CH3OH)
* Wood

A
  • Element
  • Element
  • Mixture
  • Compound
  • Mixture

The easiest way to differentiate between a substance (element, compound) or a mixture is:

A substance has a fixed, uniform composition / formula and consistent properties. It’s either an element (oxygen) or a compound (water).

A mixture is made up of two or more substances physically combined. The composition can vary, there’s no fixed ratio, it’s easy to separate, and each part keeps its own properties.

Quick trick: If it’s chemically combined, it’s a compound. If it’s just blended, its a mixture.

Air is a mixture because it is made up of several different gases that are physically combined, not chemically bonded. The main components of air (nitrogen, oxygen) keep their properties and can be physically separated through cooling and condensing.

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7
Q

What is an element?

A

the simplest kind of matter

Cannot be broken down any simpler and still have properties of that element.

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8
Q

True or false: All elements are one kind of atom.

A

True

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9
Q

What are compounds?

A

substances that can be broken down only by chemical methods

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10
Q

True or false: When broken down, the pieces of compounds have completely different properties than the original.

A

True

H2O is a completely different compound than its pieces: Hydrogen and Oxygen.

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11
Q

What can both elements and compounds be categorized into?

A

Substances

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12
Q

Can elements be separated chemically?

A

no

They cannot be broken down any simpler and still have properties of that element.

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13
Q

Can compounds be separated chemically?

A

yes

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14
Q

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

A

a mixture can be separated by physical means, while a compound can only be separated by chemical methods

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15
Q

How many elements are there currently?

A

118

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16
Q

Of the presently known elements, how many occur naturally?

A

92

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17
Q

What is an easy way to tell the difference between an element and a compound?

A

Elements have one or two letter symbol, while compounds have a formula.

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18
Q

Which of the following is the correct symbol?

1A. bA
1B. ba
2A. BA
2B. Ba

A

2B

An element’s first letter is always capitalized. If there is a second letter, it is written lowercase.

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19
Q

What are the seven diatomic molecules?

A
  1. Hydrogen
  2. Nitrogen
  3. Fluorine
  4. Oxygen
  5. Iodine
  6. Chlorine
  7. Bromine

I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends

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20
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter

When Iron reacts with oxygen and water, a new substance, iron oxide (rust), is formed with different properties than iron.

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21
Q

Is this a compound, element, or both?

A

Element

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22
Q

Is this a compound, element, or both?

A

compound

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23
Q

Is this a compound, element, or both?

A

both

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24
Q
A
  1. Heterogeneous
  2. Homogeneous
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25
* Has visibly distinguishable parts * Has visibly indistinguishable parts; solution * Substance that has variable composition ## Footnote word bank: homogenous mixture; heterogeneous mixture; mixture
* heterogeneous * homogenous * mixture
26
What is a solution?
a homogeneous mixture of particles so small that they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of the container
27
What does a solution **always** have?
a substance that is dissolved and a substance that does the dissolving
28
What is a solute?
the substance that is dissolved
29
What is a solvent?
the substance that does the dissolving
30
What is solubility?
how easily a solute dissolves in a solvent to make a solution
31
``` Maria stirred a spoonful of sugar into a glass of warm water. After a few minutes, the sugar completely disappeared, and the water tasted sweet. ``` * What is the solute? * What is the solvent?
* Sugar * Water
32
A type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions but not heavy enough to settle out
a colloid
33
What is an easy way to distinguish a colloid from a solution?
by its apperance; can a beam of light pass through it?
34
A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle
a suspension
35
36
37
Properties that can be observed and measured without changing the material's composition.
Physical Properties
38
Properties that can only be observed by changing the composition of the material.
Chemical Properties
39
# Identify whether each is a physical or chemical property: * Melting point * Flammability * Color * Ability to rust * Density * Reactivity with acid
* Physical * Chemical * Physical * Chemical * Physical * Chemical
40
Compounds have very different properties from the elements that make them. Why is this?
because of a chemical change ## Footnote When elements combine chemically to form a compound, the result is a substance with new and different characteristics.
41
* A change where a new form of matter appears. * A change in the visible appearance without changing the composition of the material ## Footnote word bank: physical change, chemical change
* Chemical change * Physical change
42
What is an easy way to tell if a physical or chemical change has occured?
ask yourself: did a new substance form? ## Footnote If yes, it's a chemical change. If no, it's a physical one.
43
# What do all of the following have in common? * distillation * filtration * chromatography
they're all physical changes
44
True or false: Physical changes can separate mixtures into pure compounds.
True
45
True or false: Physical changes can break compounds into elements.
False ## Footnote **Breaking up a compound = chemical change** Because you're breaking chemical bonds between elements, this creates new substances (like separating water into hydrogen and oxygen--both are totally different from water).
46
# Identify whether each is a physical or chemical change: * A change in size or shape * An object dissolving * An object forming a new substance * A change in the way an object's molecules link up * A change in an object's phase (freezes, boils)
* Physical * Physical * Chemical * Chemical * Physical ## Footnote Dissolving is a physical change because the substance stays the same--only its form or state changes. For example, when salt dissolves in water, it breaks into tiny particles and spreads out, but it's still salt. No new substance is formed.
47
# What do all of the following have in common? 1. Energy being absorbed or released 2. A change in color 3. Gas production 4. The formation of a precipitate 5. Irreversibility
they're all chemical changes
48
What does the law of conservation of mass state?
during any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants
49
What is an acid?
a solution that has an excess of H+ ions ## Footnote It comes from the latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour".
50
How does a solution become more acidic?
if it obtains more H+ ions
51
What are some properties of acids (4-5)?
* Taste sour * Conduct electricity * Corrosive * Reactive with metals * Turns blue litmus paper red
52
What are some examples of acids used in everyday life?
* Acetic Acid → Vinegar * Citric Acid → fruits * Ascorbic Acid → Vitamin C * Sulfuric Acid → fertilizer ## Footnote Acids are also used in car batteries to generate electricity.
53
What is a base?
a solution that has an excess of OH-ions
54
What is another word for base?
alkali
55
True or false: Bases are substances that can accept hydrogen ions.
True ## Footnote Bases are substances that can take in or react with hydrogen ions. This "accepting" behavior is how bases neutralize acids--they grab those extra H+ ions.
56
What are some properties of bases (4-5)?
* Feel slippery * Taste bitter * Corrosive * Can conduct electricity * Do not react with metals * Turn red litmus paper blue ## Footnote Bases give soaps, ammonia (cleaning product), and many other cleaning products some of their useful properties. Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contain bases.
57
Is your blood an acid or a basic solution?
a basic solution
58
What does the pH scale range from?
0-14
59
What is pH?
a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
60
A lemon has a pH of 2, and a banana has a pH of 5. Which one is more acidic?
the lemon ## Footnote The lower the pH, the more acidic the substance.
61
True or false: A substance with a pH of 7 is neutral.
True ## Footnote Pure water has a pH of 7.
62
True or false: If one solution has a pH of 1, and a second has a pH of 2, the first solution is twice as acidic as the second.
False ## Footnote The first solution is ten times more acidic than the second.
63
What is a reaction between an acid and a base called?
neutralization
64
What is scurvy's disease?
a deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in the diet
65
**Read each description and determine whether it's an element, compound, homogenous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture.** 1. Chocolate syrup is added to milk and stirred 2. Copper metal (used to make wires) 3. Sand is added to water 4. Distilled water 5. Tap water
1. Homogeneous mixture (solution) 2. An element 3. Heterogeneous mixture 4. Compound 5. Homogeneous mixture
66
Label each figure below with either: colloid, compound, element, solution, or suspension.
1. Colloid 2. Element 3. Suspension 4. Compound 5. Solution
67
* Beaker A: Solution * Beaker B: Compound * Beaker C: Suspension * Beaker D: Colloid

CPS ADV. - McQuaid (9 decks)

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