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CPS ADV. - McQuaid > Unit 3 Review > Flashcards

Unit 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

an object’s change in position relative to another object or reference point

A

motion

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2
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

reference point

A

an object that appears to stay in place

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3
Q

Fill in the blanks:

The direction of an object’s ________ can be described with a reference ___________, such as north, south, east, west, up, or down.

A

motion, direction

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4
Q

Provide the definition of the following terms:

  1. Linear Motion
  2. Oscillatory Motion
  3. Curvilinear (projectile) Motion
  4. Rotary Motion
A
  1. Linear Motion - Motion in a straight line
  2. Oscillatory Motion - A repetitive back-and-forth movement of an object around a fixed point
  3. Curvilinear (projectile) motion - The movement of an object along a curved path, where the direction of motion is constantly changing
  4. Rotary Motion - The movement of an object in a circular path around a fixed axis, or “spinning” on its own axis
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5
Q

Complete the chart:

A
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6
Q

What is the difference between distance and displacement?

A
  • Distance - How much total ground an object has covered during its motion
  • Displacement - How far out of place an object is; the object’s overall change in position
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7
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

A vector quantity is an amount that is a magnitude, or number, only.

A

False. A scalar quantity is an amount that is a magnitude, or number, only.

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8
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

vector quantity

A

the measurement of a number and direction

ex.) 40 mph West

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9
Q

Is distance an example of a scalar or vector quantity?

A

scalar

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10
Q

Complete the statement with the best available option:

Displacement is a … quantity.

A. scalar
B. distance
C. displacement
D. vector

A

D. vector

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11
Q 
Ketanji Brown Jackson walks 4 meters East, 2 meters South, 4 meters West, and finally 2 meters North.
  1. What is her distance traveled?
  2. What is her displacement?
A
  1. 12m
  2. 0m
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12
Q

When is the only time you can add displacements?

A

If they are in the same direction

ex.) 10m west + 10m west = 20m west

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13
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

the distance traveled by an object divided by the time taken to travel that distance

A

speed

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14
Q

What is the SI unit for speed?

A

meters per second (m/s)

Kilometers per hour (km/h), feet per second (ft/s), and miles per hour (mi/h) are other units commonly used to express speed

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15
Q

Provide the equation to find speed.

A

s = d/t

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16
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

The motion of an object over a period of time can be shown on a distance-time graph.

A

True

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17
Q

The slope of a distance-time graph is equal to what?

A

speed

If the slope (rise/run) of a line on a graph is 5, then the speed will also be 5.

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18
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

constant speed

A

when an object neither slows down or speeds up while in motion

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19
Q

Complete the statement with the best available option:

Speed is not usually a … As you move in a car or bicycle you are rarely going the same speed the entire trip.

A. variable
B. constant
C. interval
D. None of the above

A

B. constant

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20
Q

What is the difference between average and instantaneous speed?

A
  • Average Speed - The total distance divided by the total time of travel
  • Instantaneous Speed - The speed an object travels at one instant or point in time
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21
Q

What is the constant speed in this image?

A

4

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22
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

velocity

A

the speed of an object and the direction it’s traveling

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23
Q
  • Speed
  • Velocity

Which of the listed forces is a vector quantity?

A

Velocity

24
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

Velocity has the same units as volume.

A

False. Velocity has the same units as speed (m/s).

25
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Because velocity is determined by both _______ and ___________ it is possible for an object to travel at a constant speed but have a changing velocity.

A

speed, direction

26
Q

How do you calculate momentum?

A

by multiplying an object’s mass and velocity

p = mv

27
Q

Answer the question with the best available option:

What are the standardized units of momentum?

A. m/s
B. km/h
C. ml * p/o
D. kg * m/s

A

D. kg * m/s

28
Q

Like velocity, momentum also contains what?

A

a direction

east, west, north, south, etc.

29
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

The rate of change of velocity

A

acceleration

30
Q

What are the three ways velocity changes?

A
  1. Speeding up
  2. Slowing down
  3. Changing direction
31
Q

Fill in the blank:

Like velocity and momentum, acceleration is a vector quantity, meaning that it has a ___________.

A

direction

32
Q

What is the difference between forward and reverse (deceleration) acceleration?

A
  • Forward acceleration - When an object’s speed is increasing
  • Reverse acceleration (deceleration) - When an object’s speed is decreasing
33
Q

On a speed vs. time graph, what does the slope of the line represent?

A

Acceleration

34
Q

On a speed vs. time graph, what does…

  1. A negative slope represent?
  2. A horizontal line represent?
A
  1. a decrease in acceleration
  2. a constant speed which shows no acceleration
35
Q

What is the formula for acceleration?

A

vf - vi / t

vf = final velocity
vi = initial velocity
t = time

36
Q

What are the standardized units for acceleration?

A

m/s2

37
Q

After being provided the definition, name the term:

circular motion

A

movement of an object along a circular path, where it constantly changes direction while maintaining a constant distance from a central point

38
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

centripetal acceleration

A

acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path

39
Q
  • Roller Coasters on Curved Tracks
  • Spinning Merry-Go-Round
  • Satellite Orbiting Earth
  • Whirling a Bucket of Water

The previous listed are all examples of what force?

A

Centripetal acceleration

In all these examples, centripetal acceleration is what keeps the objects moving in a circular path by constantly pulling them toward the center of that path

40
Q
  • Riders on a Ferris Wheel
  • Earth Orbiting the Sun

The previous listed are all examples of what force?

A

Circular motion

If you’re on a ferris wheel, you move in a circular path around the wheel’s center as it rotates.

41
Q

Provide the definition of the term:

Projectile motion

A

the curved path objects take as they accelerate through the air on Earth’s surface

42
Q

Fill in the blanks:

In projectile motion, the __________ and ___________ motions are separate accelerations.

A

vertical, horizontal

43
Q

Rory’s Claim:

If you were to throw a ball as hard as you could from shoulder height in a perfectly horizontal direction, it would take longer to reach the ground than if you dropped another ball from the same height.

Camden’s Claim:

If you were to throw a ball as hard as you could from shoulder height in a perfectly horizontal direction, even if you dropped another ball from the same height, both balls would travel the same vertical distance in the same amount of time.

Which student is correct?

A

Camden

44
Q

Short Answer Model Question:

How do reference points help us understand motion?

A

By comparing an object’s position relative to a stationary reference point, we can determine if the object is moving, in which direction, and how fast.

45
Q

Short Answer Model Question:

How can you increase an object’s momentum?

A

Either increase its mass or its velocity

46
Q

Use the chart to help you with the following questions:

  1. Which runner won the race?
  2. Which runner stopped for a rest?
  3. How long did Bob take to complete the race?
  4. Calculate Albert’s average speed.
A
  1. Albert
  2. Charlie
  3. 14s
  4. 8.3s (repeating)
47
Q

What is the following graph showing?

A

constant speed

Constant speed is shown by straight lines on a graph

48
Q

What is the following graph showing?

A

acceleration

The line on the graph is curving upwards, which shows an increase in speed

49
Q

Which of the graphs shows that one of the runners started 10 yards further ahead of the other?

A

Graph A

50
Q

Speed-Time graphs are also called what?

A

Velocity-Time graphs

51
Q

True or false? If false, correct the statement:

In a speed-time graph, a straight line means the object is not moving.

A

False. In a speed-time graph, a straight line means that the speed is constant, or not changing over time.

52
Q

What would best describe a situation where a car has zero acceleration?

A

the car is moving at a constant velocity

53
Q 
A satellite is traveling at a rate of 120 m/s.

How many seconds will it take for that satellite to travel 450 km?

A

3750

54
Q 
A dragster in a race accelerated from stop to 60 m/s by the time it reached the finish line. The dragster moved in a straight line and traveled from the starting line to the finish line in 8 seconds.

What was the acceleration of the dragster?

A

7.5 m/s2

55
Q 
A rocket starts from rest and accelerates at a uniform rate of 190 m/s/s for 2.4 seconds.

What is its final velocity?

A

456 m/s

A = Vf - Vi / t

CPS ADV. - McQuaid (4 decks)

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