Unit 8 - Lifecycle Nutrition Flashcards
What are some habits a woman should establish in preparation for a healthy pregnancy?
- Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight
- Choose adequate and balanced diet
- Be physically active
- Receive regular medical care
- Avoid harmful influences
What does infant birthweight correlate w/?
Pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy
How many extra calories per day does a woman need in the second trimester of pregnancy?
340 calories
How many extra calories per day does a woman need in the third trimester of pregnancy?
450 calories
How much extra protein per day is needed during pregnancy?
25 g
What is the recommended amount of folate during pregnancy?
600 mg per day
What effect does vitamin D have on a fetus?
Plays a role in calcium metabolism; involved in building the skeleton
Why are iron supplements recommended during pregnancy?
Needs greatly increase which are extremely difficult to achieve through food intake
What can a zinc deficiency during pregnancy cause?
Problems w/ growth and development of the fetus
If a woman has a BMI under 18.5, how much weight should she gain during pregnancy?
28-40 lbs
If a woman has a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9, how much weight should she gain during pregnancy?
25-35 lbs
If a woman has a BMI between 25 and 29.9, how much weight should she gain during pregnancy?
15-25 lbs
If a woman has a BMI over 30, how much weight should she gain during pregnancy?
11-20 lbs
What is pica?
- Craving non-food items like soil, clay, or ice
- Often associated w/ iron deficiency
What is gestational diabetes?
Diabetes that develops during pregnancy and typically resolves after giving birth
What is the difference between chronic and gestational hypertension?
- Chronic develops before a woman becomes pregnant
- Gestational develops after the 20th week of pregnancy
What is preeclampsia?
- High blood pressure and protein in the urine
- Almost always appears after 20 weeks of pregnancy
- Delivery of baby is only cure
What effect does methyl mercury have on a fetus?
Can be passed through the placenta, resulting in high concentrations in the fetus’ blood, which can cause IQ deficits, abnormal muscle tone, reduced motor function, and lower attention span
What is the limit of caffeine for pregnant women?
Equivalent of two 8 ounce cups of coffee per day
How many extra calories per day do lactating women require?
330 calories
What effect do nutritional deficiencies have during lactation?
Affect quantity instead of quality of breast milk
Does the amount of fluid consumed by the mother affect the volume of breast milk produced?
No
Which vitamin is lacking in breast milk?
Vitamin D
The carbohydrate in breast milk is _____
Lactose
Do formula-fed infants need vitamin D supplementation?
No b/c formulas have vitamin D added
Which infants should be given cow milk based formula?
All infants who are not exclusively fed breast milk
When should soy-based formula be given?
Infants who have galactosemia or who cannot consume dairy-based products for cultural or religious reasons
What is infant formula required to contain adequate amounts of?
Linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3)
When should cow’s milk be introduced?
1 year old
Which foods should be introduced to infants first?
Iron-rich foods, then vegetables, fruits, milk, and grain products
When should honey be given to children and why?
- After 12 months of age
- Can cause botulism
What is the maximum daily caffeine intake for children under 12?
2.5 mg/kg of body weight
