Unit 1 - Definitions, Standards, & Guidelines Flashcards
What is nutritional genomics?
The science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and vice versa
What is another name for nutritional genomics?
Nutrigenomics
What is wellness?
Optimal physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, & social health
What are functional foods?
Foods that provide health benefits beyond their nutritional contributions
What are 4 examples of functional foods?
1) Whole foods
2) Orange juice fortified with calcium
3) Bread enriched with folate
4) Margarine enhanced with plant sterol
What are nutrients?
Substances that support the growth, maintenance, & repair of the body’s tissues
What are the 6 classes of nutrients?
Carbs, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, and water
What are the 2 subgroups of nutrients?
1) Energy providing - carbs, fat, protein
2) Other nutrients - water, vitamins, minerals
What are essential nutrients?
Nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantities to meet physiological needs
What is a calorie?
A unit in which energy is measured
How many calories of energy does each gram of a carb yield?
4
How many calories of energy does each gram of a protein yield?
4
How many calories of energy does each gram of a fat yield?
9
How many calories of energy does each gram of alcohol yield?
7
Is alcohol a nutrient?
No, because it can’t support the body’s growth, maintenance, or repair
What does RDA stand for?
Recommended dietary allowance
What is an RDA?
A guideline for how much of a particular nutrient an individual should consume
___ is the foundation of the DRI
RDA’s
What does DRI stand for?
Dietary reference intake
What does EAR stand for?
Estimated average requirements
What is an EAR?
Intake goals for given stages of life and gender groups
What are RDA’s based on?
EARs
What does AI stand for?
Adequate intakes
What are AIs?
Goals for individuals when insufficient scientific data exists to set an RDA
What does UL stand for?
Tolerable upper intake limits
What is a UL?
The maximum amount of a nutrient that is safe
What does the absence of a UL mean?
There is insufficient data to set a value
What does AMDR stand for?
Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges
What are AMDRs?
Ranges of recommended intake for carbohydrates, fat, and protein, expressed as % of total daily calorie intake
What is the AMDR for carbs?
45-65%
What is the AMDR for fat?
20-35%
What is the AMDR for protein?
10-35%
Why were DRIs created?
As a guideline for the average person
What is overnutrition?
Overconsumption of food energy or nutrients sufficient to cause disease or increased susceptibility to disease
What is undernutrition?
Underconsumption of food energy or nutrients severe enough to cause disease or increased susceptibility to disease
Overnutrition and undernutrition are forms of ______
Malnutrition
What are the 5 characteristics of a healthy diet?
1) Adequacy
2) Balance
3) Calorie control
4) Moderation
5) Variety
What must a nutrition facts table include?
- Serving size
- Calories
- % daily value
What are the 13 core nutrients on a food label?
- Fats
- Saturated and trans fat
- Cholesterol
- Sodium
- Carbohydrates
- Fibre
- Sugar
- Protein
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C
- Calcium
- Iron
What does free/no/without mean on a food label?
The food provides an amount of a nutrient that is so small it likely won’t have any effect on the body
What does little/low/few mean on a food label?
The food provides a very small amount of the nutrient
What does reduced/less/lower mean on a food label?
Food is processed/modified so that it contains at least 25% less of the nutrient when compared to a similar product
What does lightly mean on a food label?
Food provides at least 50% less added sodium that the food to which it is compared
What does no added mean on a food label?
Food has none of the nutrient added to it
What does source contains mean on a food label?
Food provides a significant amount of the nutrient
What does more/higher mean on a food label?
At least 25% more of a nutrient compared with a similar product
What does good source of mean on a food label?
At least 15% of the recommended daily intake
What does high in mean on a food label?
The food contains at least 4g of fibre
What does excellent source/very high in mean on a food label?
Food provides a very large amount of the nutrient
What does light mean on a food label?
Food is processed/modified so that it contains at least 25% less of the nutrient when compared to a similar product
What does lean mean on a food label?
Contains 10% or less fat
What does extra lean mean on a food label?
Contains 7.5% or less of fat
What are the 2 types of nutrition claims?
1) Nutrient content claims
2) Health claims
What are 2 examples of health claims?
1) A diet rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of cancer
2) General health claims - healthy choice (not regulated by the gov’t)
