Unit 8 - Joints Flashcards
1
Q
Fibrous Joints
A
- lack synovial cavity
- bones held closely together by fibrous connective tissue
- little or no movement
- 2 structural types
- sutures (skull)
- syndesmoses
- gomphoses
2
Q
Sutures
A
- thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites bones of skull
- immovable
3
Q
Syndemosis
A
- fibrous joint
- bones unites by ligament
- slightly moveable
- distal tibiofibular joint and interossoeous membrane
- everywhere except skull and teeth
4
Q
Gomphosis
A
- Teeth in alveolar processes
- ligament (periodontal) holds coneshaped peg in bony socket
- immovable
5
Q
Cartilaginous Joints
A
- lacks a synovial cavity
- allows little or no movement
- bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
- 2 types:
- synchondroses (hyaline cartilage)
- symphyses (fibrocartilage)
6
Q
Synchondrosis
A
- connecting material is hyaline cartilage
- epiphyseal plate or joints between ribs and sternum
- immovable
7
Q
Symphysis
A
- fibrocartilage is connecting material
- can withstand more stress
- intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis
- slightly moveable
8
Q
Synovial Joints
A
- synovial cavity separates articulating bones
- freely moveable
- articular cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock
- articular capsule (2 layers):
- outer fibrous capsule
- thickening in fibrous capsule called ligaments
- synovial membrane
- inner lining of capsule
- secretes synovial fluid
- brings nutrients to articular cartilage
9
Q
Other Special Features of synovial joints
A
- accessory ligaments
- extracapsular ligaments outside joint capsule
- intracapsular ligaments within capsule
- articular discs or menisci
- attached around edges of capsule
- allow 2 bones of different shape to fit tightly together
- increase stability of joint
10
Q
Bursae
A
- fluid-filled structures between structures
- some are extensions of the joint capsule
- reduce friction between moving structures
- skin and bone
- ligament and bone
- tendon and bone
11
Q
Tendon Sheaths
A
- tube-like bursae that wrap around tendons at wrist and ankle where many tendons come together in a confined space
- reduce friction
12
Q
Gliding Movement
A
- bone surfaces are flat or slightly curved
- slide side to side
- rotation prevented by ligaments
- examples
- intercarpal or intertarsal joints
- sternoclavicular joint
- vertebrocostal joint
13
Q
Angular Movement: Hinge Joint
A
- convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another
- knee, elbow, ankle
- movement produced:
- flexion: decreasing joint angle
- extension: increasing joint angle
- hyperextension: opening joint past anatomical position
14
Q
Abduction
A
-moving laterally… away from medial plane
15
Q
Adduction
A
-moving medially toward middle