Unit 6 - Bone Tissue Flashcards
1
Q
Functions of Bone and Skeletal System
A
- Support
- Protection
- Assistance in movement
- Mineral Storage and Release
- Blood cell production
- Triglyceride storage
2
Q
Long bones
A
- greater length than width
- have a diaphysis (shaft) and epiphyses (ends)
- curved bone to absorb stress of body’s weight
- composed mostly of compact bone tissue but also contains spongy bone tissue
- examples include: humorous, femur, metacarpals, phalanges etc
3
Q
Short Bones
A
- somewhat cube shaped and nearly equal in length, width and depth
- consists of spongey bone except for thin layer of compact bone
- examples: carpals and most tarsals
4
Q
Flat Bones
A
- generally think and composed of 2 nearly parallel plates of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone
- layers of compact bone are called internal and external tables
- in cranial bones, the spongey bones is referred to as diploe
- afford considerable protection and provide extensive areas for muscle attachment
- examples: cranial bones, sternum, ribs, and scapulae
5
Q
Irregular Bones
A
- have complex shapes
- vary in amounts of spongey bone and compact bone
- examples: vertebraa, certain facial bones, and calcaneous
6
Q
Sesamoid Bones
A
- develop in certain tendons where there is considerable friction, compression and physical stress
- not always completely ossified
- vary in number from person to person
- protect tendons from excessive wear and tear
- can alter direction or pull of a tendon which improves mechanical advantage at a joint
7
Q
Diaphysis
A
- bones shaft or body
- long cylindrical main portion of the bone
8
Q
Epiphyses
A
- aka extremities
- proximal and distal ends of the bone
9
Q
Metaphyses
A
- regions between the diaphysis and epiphyses
- in a growing bone each metaphysis contains an epiphesial growth plate in a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of the bone to grow in length
- when bone growth stops, the cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and is then known as epiphyseal line
10
Q
Articulate Cartilage
A
- thin layer of cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms and articulation joint with another bone
- reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely moveable joints
- lack perichondrium and blood vessels, so repair of damage is limited
11
Q
Periosteum
A
- tough connective tissue sheath that is associated with blood supply that surrounds the bone surface where it is not covered by articulate cartilage
- composed of out fibrous layer of dense irregular connective tissue and inner osteogenic later that consists of cells
- some cells enable the bone to grow in thickness but not in length
- protects bone
- assists in fracture repair
- helps nourish bone tissue
- serves as attachment point for ligaments and tendons
- attached to underlying bone by perforating fibers - thick bundles of collagen that extend from periosteum into the bone extra cellular matrix
12
Q
Medullary Cavity
A
- also called marrow cavity
- hollow cylindrical space within diaphysis
- contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels in adults
- minimizes the weight of the bone by reducing the dense bones material where it is needed least
- long bones tubular design provides maximum strength with minimum weight
13
Q
Endosteum
A
- thin membrane than lines the medullary cavity
- contains single layer of bone-forming cells and a small amount of connective tissue
14
Q
Bone Surface Marking - Depressions and Openings
A
- Fissure
- Foramen
- Fossa
- Sulcus
- Meatus
15
Q
Bone Surface Markings - Processes
A
- Condyle
- Facet
- Crest
- Epicondyle
- Line
- Spinous Process
- Trochanter
- Tubercle
- Tuberosity
16
Q
Fissure
A
- narrow slit between adjacent parts of Bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass
- eg: superiors orbital tissue of sphenoid bone
17
Q
Foramen
A
- opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass
- eg: optic Foramen canal of the sphenoid bone
18
Q
Fossa
A
- shallow depression
- eg: coronoid fossa of humerus
19
Q
Sulcus
A
- furrow along a bone surface that accommodates a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon
- eg: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
20
Q
Meatus
A
- tubelike opening
- eg: external and internal auditory meati of temporal bone