Unit 8 Expanding Zones Of Encounter And Exchange Flashcards
Ghana’s original religion?
Animistic beliefs
Gold salt trade
- western had gold (2/3 worlds supply
- northeaster had salt (Sahara desert)
Decline of Ghana?
Muslim Almoravids completed conquest of Ghana which disrupted gold-salt trade
Location of the Mayans
Yucatan peninsula
- mountains
- dry scrub forests
- steamy jungles
- highlands
Farming methods of Mayans
- slash and burn
- planting on raised beds above swamps
Important cities of maya
- Tikal
- copán
- all independent city states
- centers for religious ceremonies and trade
- pyramids, temples, palaces, and elaborate stone carvings were dedicated to the gods
Religion of Mayans
- polytheistic
- offerings of food, flowers, and incense
- offering of blood (nourished gods)
- human sacrifice
Agriculture of Mayans
- maize
- squash
- beans
Writing system of Mayans
- 800 glyphs
- stood for words and syllables
- codex - bark paper important historical events, only 3 remain
Achievements of Mayans
- 260 day religious calendar
- 365 day solar calendar
- two synced every 52 years
- base 20 number system
- glyphs
- agriculture
Decline of Mayans
- mystery
- theories of warfare that led to disruption of trade and economic hardship
- theories of population growth and over farming that led to food shortages, famine, and disease
When did the Tang Dynasty take place?
618-907
Ghana dates
700s-1076
Dates of Mayans
-250-900s
Achievements of Tang Dynasty
- civil service exam
- expansion of roads and canals
- strengthened central government
- empress wu - first woman to assume title of emperor
Decline of Tang Dynasty
- crushing taxes
- invasions from Muslim armies
- 907 - Chinese rebels burned and sacked tan capita
Song Dynasty date
960-1279
Achievements of Song Dynasty
- moveable type
- magnetic compass
- gunpowder
- porcelain
- paper money
- mechanical clock
- sailing technology
Gentry definition
Larger upperclassmen made up of scholar officials and their families
Decline of Song Dynasty
-Mongols take over
Early Japan date
500s CE
Location and geography of Japan
- archipelago
- 80% mountains
- 15% farmable land
- located on ring of fire, so many earthquakes and volcanoes
Creation myth of Japan
- izanagi and izanami dipped spear into water, drops of brine became islands of Japan
- sun goddess Amaterasu was afraid of storm God susanowo (ruined her crops)
- other gods banished susanowo
- first inhabitants of Japan were susanowo’ descendants
Early inhabitants of Japan
- hunter gatherers
- organized in clans
- Yamato clan claimed to be descendants of Amaterasu
Religion of Japan
- Shintoism “way of the gods”
- kami - spirits and multiple gods
- kami dwelled in people, animals, and no living objects
- Shinto gods were worshipped in Buddhist temples
Cultural diffusion in Japan
-ideas came from China through Korea
Heian period of Japan
- strict rules
- etiquette was important
- poetry and painting was expected
- lady muraski was one of finest writers
- neglected central government
Clovis
- accepted Christianity
- military victories and religious conversion led to throne stability
Charles Martel
- “Charles the hammer”
- protected Christianity
- successful defense of tours from Muslim Forces
- extended franks reign
Pepin the short
- “king by grace of God” said pope
- started process of helping pope
- made pope look to franks for help
Charlemagne
- nearly doubled empire
- revived learning (palace school)
- “holy roman emperor”
Counts and Missi dominici
Counts - local officials
- looked after local problems
- protected weak
- raised armies
Missi dominici - royal officials
Louis the pious
- charlemagnes son
- couldn’t fulfill fathers responsibilities
Treaty of verdin
Rule passed from Louis the pious to three sons Charles the bald, lothair, and Louis the German
Decline of Frankish kingdoms
- Muslims came from south
- Magyar came from east
- Vikings came from north
Marco Polo
- traveler in late 1200s
- went to China, met ruler kublai khan
- stayed as envoy
- captured at war
- Europeans didn’t believe fabulous places existed from his stories
Ibn battuttu
- traveled late 1300s
- prolific writer
- visited places within Islamic empire
- devout Muslim
Ghana
War chief
