Unit 8- Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Adaptation

A

an anatomical, physiological or behavioral inherited trait which enhances or increases survival and/or reproductive rates. This trait can be passed onto their offspring

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2
Q

Bottleneck Effect

A

It occurs when a population experiences a sudden, dramatic decrease that leaves only a few individuals alive. Certain alleles may be overrepresented among the survivors while some may be less represented or absent. This is all by chance.

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3
Q

Directional selection

A

Directional selection shifts overall makeup of the population by acting against individuals at one of the phenotypic extremes. Ex: Insects exposed to pesticides, darker fur color of rats. The environment determines the selectivity of a population

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4
Q

Disruptive selection

A

environmental conditions are varied in a way that favors individuals at BOTH extremes of a phenotypic range. Ex: light and dark fur of rats have the highest population

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5
Q

Evolution

A

species adapt over time in which species adapt over time in response to their changing environment

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6
Q

Fitness

A

the ability for organisms to survive and reproduce in the environment in which they find themselves

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7
Q

Gene Flow

A

Transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement or fertile individuals/ their gametes. Can be positive and negative results. Beneficial alleles can be transferred to new populations.

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8
Q

gene pool

A

all the different alleles and possible genotypes/phenotypes in a certain population

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9
Q

genetic drift

A

A chance event that alters allele frequencies. Chance events will cause allele frequencies to fluctuate unpredictably. This is significant in small populations.

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10
Q

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

A

p^2+2pq+q^2

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11
Q

homologous structures

A

Organs or structures that organisms share which demonstrates descent from a common ancestor, a form of divergent evolution

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12
Q

Microevolution

A

It is a change in allele frequencies in a population over generations

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13
Q

natural selection

A

consistently improves the match between organisms and their environment.

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14
Q

Population

A

all the participants in a certain group

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15
Q

stabilizing selection

A

favors intermediate phenotypes, in relatively stable environment. Conditions tend to reduce phenotypic variations.

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16
Q

vestigial structures

A

organs or structures that no longer have purpose in the current oroganism. Finger bones in whales and aquatic mammals