Unit 8: Emotions Flashcards

1
Q

How do emotions typically arise?

A

as reactions to life events

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2
Q

What do emotions do?

A

generate feelings
generate emotional states
activate body for action
produce recognisable facial expressions

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3
Q

What are the 5 eternal questions?

A

What is an emotion?
What causes an emotion?
How many emotions are there?
What is good about emotions?
What is the difference between emotion and mood?

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4
Q

Are emotions unidimensional?

A

no, they are multidimensional

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5
Q

What are the dimensions of emotions?

A

subjective
social
biological
intentional

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6
Q

subjective dimension

A

emotions as subjective feelings (sensations)
-> make us feel a particular way

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7
Q

social dimension

A

send postural and vocal signals communicating the intensity of emotions to others

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8
Q

biological dimension

A

emotions as biological reactions
mobilizers that prepare body do adapt

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9
Q

intentional dimension

A

emotions have purpose

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10
Q

Which dimension defines emotion the best?

A

none of them defines emotion (on its own) adequately

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11
Q

What are emotions?

A

short-term phenomena
related to feelings, stimulation, intention and expression
help us adapt

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12
Q

What’s the relationship between emotions and motivation?

A

emotions as motivators
-> energize and direct behavior
emotions as continuous “indicator” system
-> signal how well or poorly adaption is going

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13
Q

cognitive aspect of emotions

A

individuals can’t respond emotionally without cognitively evaluating the meaning/personal importance of an event

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14
Q

biological aspect of emotions

A

emotional reactions don’t always require cognitive appraisal
-> we act emotionally before we are aware of emotionality

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15
Q

What does the two systems perspective state?

A
  1. System: innate, spontaneous, physiological
  2. System: cognitive, based on experience
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16
Q

How does the emotional feedback loop work?

A

one can intervene at any point in the emotional circuit by changing the cognitive evaluation/ quality of the activation
-> influencing the emotion

17
Q

What does the biological orientation emphasize in the context of primary and secondary emotions?

A

primary emotions emphasized
secondary/ acquired emotions downplayed

18
Q

What does the cognitive perspective say about primary and secondary emotions?

A

recognizes primary emotions
highlights importance of individual, social and cultural experiences

19
Q

How many emotions are there?

A

depends on perspective
biological: 2-10 basic emotions
cognitive: broader repertoire

20
Q

What are the five common emotions?

A

fear
anger
sadness
disgust
joy

21
Q

Are each of the common emotions just single emotions?

A

according to an intermediate perspective, they are a family of related emotions

22
Q

What causes fear, what are key factors and how does it make us feel?

A

perception of threat to well-being, anticipation of harm
key factors: feeling of vulnerability, perceived lack of ability to confront threat
-> feeling overwhelmed

23
Q

What causes sadness, what does it motivate us to do and why?

A

experiences of separation or failure
aversive experience -> motivates us to initiate behaviors necessary to alleviate distress-provoking circumstances

24
Q

What provokes anger and what does it cause?

A

restriction, betrayal, rejection, unwarranted criticism
increases energy and feeling of control to fight injustice
can be verbal or non-verbal, direct or indirect

25
What is disgust related to and what is its function?
contaminated, deteriorated or rotten objects rejection (protect physical safety)
26
How does disgust differ with different ages?
babies: sour & bitter tastes children: also offensive objects adults: encounters with contaminated food, poor hygiene and clotted blood
27
What is joy linked to and what is its purpose?
linked to success and interpersonal interaction makes us optimistic and socially active, facilitates interaction & relationships
28
What did Darwin think about emotions?
help animals adapt to the environment
29
Is there such a thing as "bad" emotions
no, because they all help us adapt
30
What are the functions of emotions in a social context?
communicate feelings influence interactions of others with us invite and facilitate social interactions create, maintain and dissolve relationships
31
What differentiates emotions from moods?
Background: emotions come from clear situations, moods from unknown processes Action specificity: emotions influence behavior, moods cognition Time course: emotions are brief, moods last longer