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Motivation & Emotion > Unit 8: Emotions > Flashcards

Unit 8: Emotions Flashcards

1
Q

How do emotions typically arise?

A

as reactions to life events

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2
Q

What do emotions do?

A

generate feelings
generate emotional states
activate body for action
produce recognisable facial expressions

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3
Q

What are the 5 eternal questions?

A

What is an emotion?
What causes an emotion?
How many emotions are there?
What is good about emotions?
What is the difference between emotion and mood?

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4
Q

Are emotions unidimensional?

A

no, they are multidimensional

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5
Q

What are the dimensions of emotions?

A

subjective
social
biological
intentional

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6
Q

subjective dimension

A

emotions as subjective feelings (sensations)
-> make us feel a particular way

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7
Q

social dimension

A

send postural and vocal signals communicating the intensity of emotions to others

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8
Q

biological dimension

A

emotions as biological reactions
mobilizers that prepare body do adapt

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9
Q

intentional dimension

A

emotions have purpose

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10
Q

Which dimension defines emotion the best?

A

none of them defines emotion (on its own) adequately

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11
Q

What are emotions?

A

short-term phenomena
related to feelings, stimulation, intention and expression
help us adapt

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12
Q

What’s the relationship between emotions and motivation?

A

emotions as motivators
-> energize and direct behavior
emotions as continuous “indicator” system
-> signal how well or poorly adaption is going

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13
Q

cognitive aspect of emotions

A

individuals can’t respond emotionally without cognitively evaluating the meaning/personal importance of an event

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14
Q

biological aspect of emotions

A

emotional reactions don’t always require cognitive appraisal
-> we act emotionally before we are aware of emotionality

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15
Q

What does the two systems perspective state?

A
  1. System: innate, spontaneous, physiological
  2. System: cognitive, based on experience
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16
Q

How does the emotional feedback loop work?

A

one can intervene at any point in the emotional circuit by changing the cognitive evaluation/ quality of the activation
-> influencing the emotion

17
Q

What does the biological orientation emphasize in the context of primary and secondary emotions?

A

primary emotions emphasized
secondary/ acquired emotions downplayed

18
Q

What does the cognitive perspective say about primary and secondary emotions?

A

recognizes primary emotions
highlights importance of individual, social and cultural experiences

19
Q

How many emotions are there?

A

depends on perspective
biological: 2-10 basic emotions
cognitive: broader repertoire

20
Q

What are the five common emotions?

A

fear
anger
sadness
disgust
joy

21
Q

Are each of the common emotions just single emotions?

A

according to an intermediate perspective, they are a family of related emotions

22
Q

What causes fear, what are key factors and how does it make us feel?

A

perception of threat to well-being, anticipation of harm
key factors: feeling of vulnerability, perceived lack of ability to confront threat
-> feeling overwhelmed

23
Q

What causes sadness, what does it motivate us to do and why?

A

experiences of separation or failure
aversive experience -> motivates us to initiate behaviors necessary to alleviate distress-provoking circumstances

24
Q

What provokes anger and what does it cause?

A

restriction, betrayal, rejection, unwarranted criticism
increases energy and feeling of control to fight injustice
can be verbal or non-verbal, direct or indirect

25
Q

What is disgust related to and what is its function?

A

contaminated, deteriorated or rotten objects
rejection (protect physical safety)

26
Q

How does disgust differ with different ages?

A

babies: sour & bitter tastes
children: also offensive objects
adults: encounters with contaminated food, poor hygiene and clotted blood

27
Q

What is joy linked to and what is its purpose?

A

linked to success and interpersonal interaction
makes us optimistic and socially active, facilitates interaction & relationships

28
Q

What did Darwin think about emotions?

A

help animals adapt to the environment

29
Q

Is there such a thing as “bad” emotions

A

no, because they all help us adapt

30
Q

What are the functions of emotions in a social context?

A

communicate feelings
influence interactions of others with us
invite and facilitate social interactions
create, maintain and dissolve relationships

31
Q

What differentiates emotions from moods?

A

Background: emotions come from clear situations, moods from unknown processes
Action specificity: emotions influence behavior, moods cognition
Time course: emotions are brief, moods last longer

Motivation & Emotion (11 decks)

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