Unit 5: Secondary needs Flashcards
What is a need?
Any condition inherent to the person
-> essential for life, development and well-being
What happens when needs are cared for and met and what happens when they are neglected?
met: well-being maintained and enhanced
neglected: disrupts physical and psychological well-being
What do people often seek in their lifes?
enjoyment, fulfillment and growth
What do psychological needs urge us to do and what is their ultimate goal?
urge us to explore, learn and seek challenges
-> emotional growth and satisfaction
Why are psychological needs considered organic?
organism: living and active subject in interaction with the environment
-> dialectic interaction between person and environment
What’s the main difference between physiological and psychological needs?
physiological: based on biological deficiencies
psychological: based on growth needs
What is self-determination?
autonomy
-> behaviour autonomous when interests, preferences and desires guide decision-making process
Which are the experiential qualitites that define autonomy?
Perceived locus of causality: chat’s the causal source of motivated actions (internal vs external)
Volition: free willingness to engage
Perceived choice: sense of choice > obligation
Does simply offering a choice guarantee autonomy?
no, if choices dont reflect values
What is autonomy support?
a interpersonal tone of understanding
What is autonomy controlling?
an interpersonal tone of pressure
What is competence?
need to interact effectively with the environment
-> reflects desire to exercise and master skills
-> generates motivation to develop skills
What are key environmental events involving the need for competence?
optimal challenge
high structure
high tolerance for failure
What’s flow?
psychological state characterised by maximum enjoyment and intense concentration
-> arises when challenge and ability are high
What’s necessary to satisfy the need for competence?
positive feedback
perception of progress
What’s relatedness?
need to establish close emotional ties with others
mere interaction with others enough to activate need for relatedness
How do you satisfy the need for relatedness?
confirm that social ties involve interest and affection
Why is relatedness with others important?
supports internalisation:
-> process by which a person adopts the beliefs, values and behaviours of others
How are social needs different from physiological and psychological needs?
they are learnt
-> emerge and change over time
-> once acquired: experienced as emotional and behavioural potentials activated in response to situations
What does the need for acheivement cause us to do?
seek success in competition with a standard of excellence
-> situation that ends in success or failure
What can achievement situations involve?
competing with oneself, others or a specific task
What is the difference between people with a high/ low need for achievement when facing a challenge?
high: respond with approach-oriented emotions (pride)
low: respond with avoidance-oriented emotions (anxiety)
What is affiliation and what is it connected with?
the desire to establish, maintain or restore positive affective relationships with others
Need for approval & need for intimacy
What do people with a high need for affiliation often experience?
anxiety in relationships
-> need constant approval and emotional security
-> feeling dependent
What do people with a high need for power do?
seek to establish, maintain and expand control and influence on others
-> experience strong positive emotions when they can exert influence
Does a high need for power contribute to the success of the group?
not necessarily
-> less good decisions due to lack of consideration of alternatives & information sharing
What are quasi-needs?
transitory
-> disappear once situational demand is satisfied
