Unit 8: DNA and cell division

Question 1

nucleotide

Answer 1

the subunit of DNA a sugar, phosphate, and a base

Question 2

Where the DNA is in the cell

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

chromosome

Answer 3

one DNA molecule tightly packaged

Question 4

double helix

Answer 4

the shape of the two DNA strands when they wind around each other

Question 5

gene

Answer 5

a piece of a DNA molecule / chromosome hundreds or thousands of nucleotides the information to build one protein

Question 6

genome

Answer 6

the entire set of DNA inside the nucleus (for humans, 46 chromosomes)

Question 7

karyotype

Answer 7

a medical test which looks at all your chromosomes to see if they look healthy

Question 8

DNA replication

Answer 8

takes place in the nucleus builds new strands of DNA against the old strands

Question 9

helicase

Answer 9

an enzyme which unwinds the DNA double helix

Question 10

DNA polymerase

Answer 10

an enzyme which builds the new DNA strand against the old DNA strand

Question 11

Cell cycle

Answer 11

The stages a cell goes through before dividing: G1, S, G2, M

Question 12

interphase

Answer 12

the time in which the cell functions, grows, and builds new parts before dividing

Question 13

prophase

Answer 13

the DNA condenses into chromosomes (X shaped) the nucleus dissolves the spindle starts to form

Question 14

metaphase

Answer 14

The chromosomes line up at the cell’s equator the spindle is fully formed

Question 15

anaphase

Answer 15

The spindle contracts, pulling apart the chromosomes. The sister chromatids move towards opposite ends of the cell.

Question 16

telophase

Answer 16

Two nuclei begin to form, at opposite ends of the cell. The spindle starts to break down.

Question 17

cytokinesis

Answer 17

the cell divides into two daughter cells

Question 18

Answer 18

many chromosomes

the genome

Question 19

Answer 19

the cell cycle

Question 20

Answer 20

one chromosome

containing replicated DNA (2 sister chromatids)

Question 21

Answer 21

A karyotype

Question 22

diploid

Answer 22

Containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 23

A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Answer 23

diploid

All of our cells are diploid except for our eggs (or sperm in men).

Question 24

Haploid

Answer 24

Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Question 25

Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes, which is a product of meiosis.

Answer 25

haploid (our eggs are haploid and sperm in men are haploid)

Question 26

What do meiosis and mitosis have in common?

Answer 26

Both replicate cells. Both go through Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis

Question 27

What are the important differences between mitosis and meosis?

Answer 27

Meiosis makes eggs and sperm ( unique, haploid cells), while mitosis makes typical body cells (identical, diploid cells)

Mitosis is 1 division, Meiosis is 2 divisions

Question 28

What is this image showing? How do you know?

Answer 28

This is Meiosis because it is cell division that produces 4 unique cells (gametes)

Question 29

What is this image showing and how do you know?

Answer 29

Mitosis because it produces 2 identical cells