Unit 8: DNA and cell division Flashcards

1
Q

nucleotide

A

the subunit of DNA a sugar, phosphate, and a base

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2
Q

Where the DNA is in the cell

A

nucleus

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3
Q

chromosome

A

one DNA molecule tightly packaged

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4
Q

double helix

A

the shape of the two DNA strands when they wind around each other

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5
Q

gene

A

a piece of a DNA molecule / chromosome hundreds or thousands of nucleotides the information to build one protein

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6
Q

genome

A

the entire set of DNA inside the nucleus (for humans, 46 chromosomes)

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7
Q

karyotype

A

a medical test which looks at all your chromosomes to see if they look healthy

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8
Q

DNA replication

A

takes place in the nucleus builds new strands of DNA against the old strands

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9
Q

helicase

A

an enzyme which unwinds the DNA double helix

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10
Q

DNA polymerase

A

an enzyme which builds the new DNA strand against the old DNA strand

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11
Q

Cell cycle

A

The stages a cell goes through before dividing: G1, S, G2, M

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12
Q

interphase

A

the time in which the cell functions, grows, and builds new parts before dividing

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13
Q

prophase

A

the DNA condenses into chromosomes (X shaped) the nucleus dissolves the spindle starts to form

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14
Q

metaphase

A

The chromosomes line up at the cell’s equator the spindle is fully formed

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15
Q

anaphase

A

The spindle contracts, pulling apart the chromosomes. The sister chromatids move towards opposite ends of the cell.

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16
Q

telophase

A

Two nuclei begin to form, at opposite ends of the cell. The spindle starts to break down.

17
Q

cytokinesis

A

the cell divides into two daughter cells

18
Q
A

many chromosomes

the genome

19
Q
A

the cell cycle

20
Q
A

one chromosome

containing replicated DNA (2 sister chromatids)

21
Q
A

A karyotype

22
Q

diploid

A

Containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

23
Q

A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

A

diploid

All of our cells are diploid except for our eggs (or sperm in men).

24
Q

Haploid

A

Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

25
Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes, which is a product of meiosis.
haploid (our eggs are haploid and sperm in men are haploid)
26
What do meiosis and mitosis have in common?
Both replicate cells. Both go through Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis
27
What are the important differences between mitosis and meosis?
Meiosis makes eggs and sperm ( unique, haploid cells), while mitosis makes typical body cells (identical, diploid cells) Mitosis is 1 division, Meiosis is 2 divisions
28
What is this image showing? How do you know?
This is Meiosis because it is cell division that produces 4 unique cells (gametes)
29
What is this image showing and how do you know?
Mitosis because it produces 2 identical cells