Unit 8: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

Question 1

Reactants of Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

Glucose (C6H12O6) + 6 Oxygen

Question 2

Products of Cellular Respiration

Answer 2

6 Carbon Dioxide + 6 Water + ATP (usable energy)

Question 3

Combustion

Answer 3

Chemical reaction with oxygen to create energy

Question 4

Anaerobic Cell Respiration

Answer 4

reactions = glucose
(builds muscle fiber)
- evolved first
- low energy yield (2 ATP)

• products:
  Animals: lactic acid
  yeast: Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide
• takes place in cytoplasm
• Stages = Glycolysis and Fermentation

Question 5

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 5

reactants = glucose and oxygen
(cardiovascular)
- high energy yield (36-38 ATP)
- Products : carbon and water
- takes place in the cytoplasm and mitochondria
- Stages = Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

Question 6

Krebs cycle definition

Answer 6

Produces electron carriers that temporarily store chemical energy

Question 7

Reactants of Krebs

Answer 7

• Pyruvate –> acetyl-coa (from link reaction)
  3 NAD+
  1 FAD+
  1 ADP ALL OF THIS x2

Question 8

Products of Krebs

Answer 8

3 NADH
1 FADH2
1 ATP
2 CO2 ALL OF THIS x2

Question 9

Glycolysis Definition

Answer 9

the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid

Question 10

Reactants of Glycolysis

Answer 10

2 ATP
2 NAD+
Glucose
2 inorganic compounds

Question 11

Products of Glycolysis:

Answer 11

2 ATP
2 NADH
2 Pyruvic Acid

Question 12

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 12

Takes high energy electrons and turns it into chemical energy in ATP

Question 13

Steps of the electron transport chain

Answer 13

1) The electron transport chain pumps hydrogen ions, H+, out of the inner compartment

2) At the end of the chain, electrons and hydrogen ions combine with oxygen forming water

3) ATP is produced as hydrogen ions diffuse into the inner compartment through a channel protein

Question 14

Electron Carrier

Answer 14

Protein complex, moves electrons down the chain

Question 15

REDOX Reaction

Answer 15

Reduction and oxidation reaction occurring at the same time
–> transfers electrons, releases energy

Question 16

Electrochemical gradient

Answer 16

Combine effect of electrical potential and concentration difference across a membrane

Question 17

OIL RIG

Answer 17

Oxidation Is Loss of electrons (electron donors are oxidized)

Reduction Is Gain of electrons (electron acceptors are reduced)

Question 18

Chemiosmosis

Answer 18

The process by which ATP is generated as protons flow back down their electrochemical gradient through special transmembrane proteins called ATP synthesis

Question 19

What happens when oxygen IS present?

Answer 19

When oxygen is present, aerobic respiration occurs to produce ATP

Question 20

What happens when oxygen IS NOT present?

Answer 20

When oxygen is not present, fermentation occurs producing lactic acid

Question 21

Where does Glycolysis happen?

Answer 21

Cytoplasm

Question 22

Where does the Link Reaction happen

Answer 22

Crossing inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 23

Krebs Cycle

Answer 23

Mitochondrial Matrix

Question 24

Equation of Photosynthesis

Answer 24

6(carbon dioxide) + 6(water) + sunlight –> glucose + 6(oxygen)

Question 25

Stages of Photosynthesis

Answer 25

1) Energy captured from sunlight
2) Light energy converted to ATP and energy carrier NADPH
3) Using CO2 and energy stored in ATP and NADPH powers the formation of organic compounds

Question 26

What are pigments?

Answer 26

Contain light-absorbing substances

Question 27

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 27

Main pigment involved in photosynthesis, absorbs mostly blue/red light, reflects green/yellow light

Plants contain 2 types of chlorophyll: chlorophyll A and B