Meiosis/Genes

Question 1

Introns

Answer 1

98%, Non-coding, tells when/what/how many genes need to be copied

Question 2

Exons

Answer 2

Expressed as protein, Genome 1.5-2%

Question 3

Locus

Answer 3

the location of a gene

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

A sequence of DNA that encodes for a specific trait (traits may also be influenced by multiple genes)

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

A variation of a gene

Question 6

Gene mutation

Answer 6

a change in the nucleotide sequence of a section of DNA coding for a specific trait

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

A single nuclear division that results in two genetically identical nuclei

Question 8

Meiosis

Answer 8

includes two nuclear divisions and results in four genetically diverse daughter cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 9

Law of Segregation

Answer 9

A parent gives just one allele for a gene to each gamete they produce

Question 10

Haploid (n)

Answer 10

Cells with a single set of chromosomes (gametes)
- humans –> gametes are haploid with 23 chromosomes

Question 11

Diploid (2n)

Answer 11

Cells with two sets of chromosomes (somatic cells)
- human –> somatic cells are diploid with 46 chromosomes

Question 12

Degenerate

Answer 12

There is more than one codon for some amino acids

Question 13

Homologous Pair of chromosomes

Answer 13

Same length, similar banding patterns, gene that they express is in the same location

Question 14

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 14

the orientation of each bivalent is random, leading to independent assortment in chromosomes

Question 15

Co-dominant

Answer 15

Expresses both genes at the same time

Question 16

Linked genes

Answer 16

genes located close to each other on the same chromosomes and can not assort independently

Question 17

Recombinant

Answer 17

an offspring with a different combination of alleles than those found in either parent.

Question 18

Monogenic Traits

Answer 18

Characteristics controlled by a single loci tend to exhibit discrete variation with individuals expressing one of a number of distinct phenotypes

Question 19

Polygenic Traits

Answer 19

Characteristics controlled by more than two gene loci, tend to exhibit continuous variation, with an individual’s phenotype existing something along a continuous spectrum of potential phenotypes

Question 20

Phenotypic plasiticity

Answer 20

Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of an organism to change its phenotype (observable characteristics) in response to environmental changes, without altering its genotype (genetic makeup).
-twins
- a persons weight

Question 21

Non-disjunction

Answer 21

Failure of chromosomes to separate during anaphase of meiosis. produces gametes with an abnormal chromosome number (also known as down syndrome)

Question 22

Bivalent

Answer 22

A pair of homologous chromosomes