Unit 8: Aggressive Behaviors Flashcards
Aggression
Behavior intended to harm another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment
Biological theories of Aggression
Suggest aggression is an innate instinct, genetically predetermined, and a functional aspect of human behavior (Freud, 1930; Neofreudians)
Social theories of Aggressions
How aggression can be influenced or amplified by social interactions, group dynamics, and cultural factors
Psychodynamic Theory
Aggression comes from an innate “death instinct” (Thanatos), which shifts from self-destruction to harming others over time (Freud, 1930)
Ethology
Aggression is a survival mechanism that helps with resource distribution within a species (sexual selection, food, territory)
Evolutionary social psychology
Aggression helps survival and reproduction by offering social and economic benefits (Darwin’s theory)
Frustration-Aggressive hypothesis
Frustration causes aggression, but the theory is too simplistic to explain all forms of aggression
Excitation Transfer model
Aggression occurs when physical arousal and its interpretation lead someone to act aggressively
Social Learning Theory
Aggression is learned through direct or vicarious experiences (especially when rewarded)
Personal factors (influencing aggression)
Include hormones, personality, and gender
Situational factors (influencing aggression)
Include catharsis, alcohol intake, temperature, noise, and pain
Catharsis hypothesis
Suggests venting aggression reduces it (research shows it may increase aggression instead)
Societal factors (cultural norms)
Influence aggression by shaping acceptable behaviors and responses to conflict
De-individualization / dehumanization of the victim
Viewing victims as less human (can justify aggression and violence against them)
Realistic Conflict Theory
Competition for scarce resources causes intergroup aggression (e.g., group survival with no food)
