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IB Chemistry > Unit 8 Acid Bases And Buffers > Flashcards

Unit 8 Acid Bases And Buffers Flashcards

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1
Q

When an anion ends in “ide” what is the suffix?

For what state of the compound?

A

-ic acid

Aqueous compounds

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2
Q

When an anion ends in “ate” what is the suffix?

For what state of the compound?

A

-ic acid

Aqueous compounds

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3
Q

When an anion ends in “ite” what is he suffix?

For what state of the the compound?

A

-ous acid

Aqueous compounds

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4
Q

What are the two exception to naming hydrogen and an anion?

A

Sulfur compounds - uric acid

Phosphorous compounds - oric acid

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5
Q

What is an Arrhenius acid?

A

A substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solutions

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6
Q

What the first type of reaction of acids and their properties?

A

1) Neutralization reaction with bases
a) with hydroxides to for salt and water
b) with metal oxides to form a salt and water
c) with ammonia to form a salt

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7
Q

What is the second type of reaction of acids and their properties?

A

2) Replacement reaction with reactive metals to form a salt and hydrogen gas

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8
Q

What is the third type of reaction of acids and their properties?

A

3) Carbonates and bicarbonates react to form a salt, carbon dioxide and water

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9
Q

With the indicator litmus, what will be the colour in acid and base?

A

Acid: Red
Base: Blue

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10
Q

With the indicator phenolphthalein, what is the colour in acid and base?

A

Acid: Colourless
Base: Pink

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11
Q

With the indicator methyl orange, what is the colour in acid and base?

A

Acid: Red
Base: Yellow

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12
Q

With the indicator bromothymol blue, what is the colour in acid and base?

A

Acid: Yellow
Base: Blue

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13
Q

With the indicator phenol red, what is the colour in acid and base?

A

Acid: Yellow
Base: Red

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14
Q

With the indicator bromocresol green, what is the colour in acid and base?

A

Acid: Yellow
Base: Blue

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15
Q

With the indicator methyl red, what is the colour in acid and base?

A

Acid: Red
Base: Yellow

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16
Q

What is an acid?

A

A compound that gives a proton (H^+) on the reactant side.

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17
Q

What is a base?

A

A compound that receives a proton on the reactant side

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18
Q

What is a conjugate acid?

A

A compound that gives a proton (H^+) on the product side

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19
Q

What is a conjugate base?

A

A compound that receives a proton on the product side

20
Q

What is an Arrhenius base?

A

A substance that can neutralize an acid in an aqueous solution

21
Q

What is the Universal indicator a mixture of?

A

methyl orange, methyl red, bromothymol blue and phenolphthalein

22
Q

When is a solution considered acidic?

A

When the solution has a pH < 7

23
Q

When is a solution considered alkaline?

A

When the solution has a pH > 7

24
Q

When is a solution considered neutral?

A

When the solution has a pH = 7

25
Q

What does pH stand for?

A

power of hydrogen

26
Q

What is the characteristic of a strong acid?

A

Strong acids completely dissociate

27
Q

What is the characteristic of a weak acid?

A

Weak acids partially dissociate

28
Q

What does monoprotic mean?

A

one proton/hydrogen

29
Q

What is the formula to find pH?

A

pH = -log[H^+]

30
Q

What is the value of kw at room temperature? And what is room temperature?

A

1.00*10^-14 M^2

Room temperature 298K

31
Q

What is the formula to find the hydrogen concentration?

A

log^-1 (-pH) = [H^+]

32
Q

What are the four possibilities for the pH of a salt solution?

A

1) strong acid + strong base
2) weak acid + strong base
3) strong acid + weak base
4) weak acid + weak base

33
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A buffer is a solution that contains a weak acid and a salt containing an anion [A^-] in about equal concentrations

34
Q

How do you prepare a buffer?

A

Combine a weak acid and its salt

35
Q

What are the factors that the pH of a buffer depend on?

A
  • Ratio of acid to salt

- Ka of the weak acid

36
Q

What is buffer capacity?

A

The amount of acid/base that can be added before the pH changes significantly

37
Q

What is the name of H3PO4?

A

Phosphoric acid

38
Q

What is the name of this acid H2SO4?

A

Sulfuric acid

39
Q

What is the characteristic of a base?

A

Most bases contain cation usually positively charged metal ion and a hydroxide

40
Q

What is the characteristic of an acid?

A

All acids consist of a base and an anion

41
Q

What are the types of Acid and Bases definitions?

A

Arrhenius

Brønsted-Lowry

42
Q

What are the factors that affect [H^+] of an acid?

A

Concentration of the acid and the strength of the acid

43
Q

What are some common strong monoprotic acids? (6)

A
  • HNO3
  • HBr
  • H I
  • HClO4
  • HCl
  • H2SO4
44
Q

What are some common monoprotic weak acids?

A
  • HF
  • HNO2
  • H2O
  • CH3COOH
  • HCN
45
Q

At room temperature what is the pH of water?

A

pH of water at 298K is 7

IB Chemistry (8 decks)

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