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IB Chemistry > Unit 5 Organic Chem > Flashcards

Unit 5 Organic Chem Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

Cn H2n+2

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2
Q

What does the name of alkanes consist of?

A

A prefix that states the number of carbon chains and a suffix of “ane”

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3
Q

What is the prefix for the carbon chain of one carbon?

A

meth

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4
Q

What is the prefix for the carbon chain of two carbons?

A

eth

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5
Q

What is the prefix for the carbon chain of three carbons?

A

prop

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6
Q

What is the prefix for the carbon chain of four carbons?

A

but

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7
Q

What is the prefix for the carbon chain of five carbons?

A

pent

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8
Q

What is the prefix for the carbon chain of six carbons?

A

hex

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9
Q

What is the prefix for the carbon chain of seven carbons?

A

hept

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10
Q

What is the prefix for the carbon chain of eight carbons?

A

oct

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11
Q

What are the Alkyl radicals?

A
  • methyl CH3
  • ethyl C2H5
  • propyl C3H7
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12
Q

What are the reactions of Alkanes?

A

1) Complete reaction
2) Incomplete reaction
3) Substitution reaction

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13
Q

What is the chemical reaction of an Alkane complete reaction?

A

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) -> CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

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14
Q

What are the products of an Alkane incomplete reaction?

A

a) CO(g) + H2O(g)

b) C(s) + H2O(g)

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15
Q

What is the chemical reaction of an Alkane substitution reaction?

A

CH4 + (Halogen)2 + UV light -> CH3(halogen) + H(halogen)

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16
Q

What is the solubility characteristic of Alkanes?

A

saturated compounds

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17
Q

What is the solubility characteristic of Alkenes?

A

unsaturated hydrocarbons

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18
Q

What is the general formula for Alkenes?

A

Cn H2n

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19
Q

What are the types of reactions for Alkenes?

A

1) Combustion reaction
2) Addition reaction with:
a) halogens
b) hydrogen gas
c) water
d) hydrogen halides
3) Addition Polymerization

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20
Q

What is the chemical reaction of an Alkene combustion?

A

C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) -> 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

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21
Q

What is the chemical reaction of an Alkene addition reaction with halogens?

A

CH3-CH=CH2 + (halogen)2 -> CH3-CHBr-CH2Br

22
Q

What is the chemical reaction of an Alkene addition reaction with hydrogen gas?

A

CH2=CH2 + H2 -> CH3-CH3

23
Q

What is the chemical reaction of an Alkene addition reaction with water?

A

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + HOH -> CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH2

24
Q

What is the chemical reaction of an Alkene addition reaction with hydrogen halides?

A

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + HBr -> CH3-CHBr-CH2-CH3

25
Q

What is the chemical reaction of an Alkene addition plymerization?

A

n CH2=CH2 -> -(-CH2-CH2-)-n

26
Q

What are the prefixes of the halides?

A

fluoro
chloro
bromo
iodo

27
Q

What are the types of halides?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

28
Q

How is the type of halide determined?

A

The type of organic halide is determined by the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon with the halogen.

29
Q

What is the characteristic of on alcohol?

A

Contains on OH

30
Q

What is the suffix for on alcohol?

A

drop the “e” add “-ol”

31
Q

What is the characteristic of a carboxylic acids?

A

O O
ll ll
R - C - OH ↔ R - C- O^- + H^+ or R - COOH

32
Q

How do you name carboxylic acids?

A

drop the “e” and add “oic acid”

33
Q

What is the name of HCOOH?

A

methanoic acid or formic acid

34
Q

What is the name of CH3COOH?

A

ethanoic acid or acetic acid

35
Q

What is the characteristic of amides?

A

O
ll
R - C - NH2

36
Q

What is the characteristic of an aldehyde?

A

C=O at the start of the carbon chain

37
Q

What is the characteristic of a ketone?

A

C=O in the middle of the carbon chain

38
Q

What is the suffix for aldehydes?

A

drop “e” and add “al”

39
Q

What is the suffix for a ketone?

A

drop “e” and add “one”

40
Q

What is the characteristic of an ester?

A

O
ll
R - O - C - R’

41
Q

What is the suffix for an ester?

A

drop “e” and add “oate”

42
Q

What is the characteristic of an amines?

A

a branch of NH2

43
Q

What is the prefix of amines?

A

amino

44
Q

What is the characteristic of an aromatic compound?

A

Contains a benzene ring

45
Q

When primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols are heated up through simple distillation what will they form?

A

Primary alcohols will form Aldehydes
Secondary alcohols will form Ketones
Tertiary alcohols cannot undergo this reaction

46
Q

What happens when a primary alcohol is oxidized?

A

forms a carboxylic acid

47
Q

What is a nucleophilic substance?

A

A substance that contains an unbonded pair of electrons

48
Q

What are the stages of the free radical mechanism for alkane substitution reaction called?

A

Stage i : initiation
Stage ii : propagation
Stage iii : termination

49
Q

What is the chemical reaction for the initiation stage?

A

(halogen)2 + UV light -> 2(halogen)•

50
Q

What is the chemical reaction for the propagation stage?

A

(halogen) • + H-CH3 -> •CH3 + H(halogen)

(halogen) 2 + •CH3 -> (halogen)-CH3 + (halogen)•

51
Q

What is the chemical reaction of the termination stage?

A

(halogen)• + (same halogen)• -> (halogen)2
(halogen)• + •CH3 -> (halogen)-CH3
•CH3 + •CH3 -> C2H6

IB Chemistry (8 decks)

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