Unit 8 Flashcards
Describe t he areas of family and career
- Schaie suggests that before adulthood, the main cognitive developmental task is acquisition of information in addition, the acquisitive stage is information gathered as we go through the stages of development to prepare for the future. The situation changes considerably in early adulthood when the focus shifts from the future to the here and mow. Young adults are in the achieving stage, applying their intelligence to attain long-term goals regarding their careers, family, and contributions to society. And these stages continue through the rest of our lives;
- Achieving stage, the point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers, family, and societal contributions.
- Responsible stage, the stage where the major concerns of middle-age adults relate to their personal situations including protecting and nourishing their spouses, families, and careers.
- Executive stage, the period in middle adulthood when people take a broader perspective than earlier, including concerns about the world.
- Reintegrative stage, the period of late adulthood during which the focus is on tasks that have personal meaning.
Describe the physical, cognitive, social, and personality changes that take place in this developmental stage.
Physical maturity in most cases is at its peak in early adulthood. Excluding some people that still grow because of their late maturity. As a matter of fact, the brain grows and body grows in both height and weight, hearing is also at its peak; and all the other senses are at their peak such as taste, smell, and sensitivity to touch and pain remain there at their healthiest in early adulthood. However, at this stage of development in early adulthood, having a regimented exercise routine and maintaining a balanced of and diet. By reducing the intake of salts, fats, and caloric intake to maintain a healthy diet. Most diets fail, producing a cycle of gains and losses. As a result, obesity accurse because people in early adulthood cannot moderate their diets, which can lead to other health problems such as diabetes, down the road.
Describe the stresses and challenges of becoming independent adults, such as living separately from parents, forming intimate relationships, and developing career goals.
Stress is a part of everyday life, it is how we control, reduce , or learn to tolerate these challenges. First, emotion-focused coping–is how we control our emotions when dealing with stress. Second, social support–assistance from others. Next, the challenges of stress, defensive coping–are unconscious belief to distort the true nature of the problem. Finally, emotional insulation–how people unconsciously block these emotions and block out the pain. However, some people use drugs or alcohol to escape from stressful situations. Fortunately, how we deal with stress depends on our coping style; for instance, a Hardy coping style where people take control of the stressful situation with a positive attitude, this personality type is resilient and confident and communicate well with others. Nevertheless, people could leaned this skill.
Describe Perry’s and Schaie’s cognitive theories and Erikson’s intimacy-versus-isolation stage
According to William Perry, early adults or students in this case, individuals seeing the world as having absolute standards and values–they argued that different societies, cultures, and individuals could have different standards and values, and all of them could be equally valid. these finding have limitations due to the fact some people never examined multiple points view. Nest, Schaie suggests that before adulthood, the main cognitive developmental task is gaining knowledge; however, in early adulthood, which is the acquisitive stage when the focus shifts from the future to the here and now which is the achieving stage, At the end of early adulthood and in ,middle adulthood is the responsible stage, are mainly focus on protecting and nourishing their spouses, families, and careers. In the later part of middle adulthood some people–called the executive stage are focused on the world around them. They are concerned about nourishing and societal institutions. Finally, Reintegrative stage is the period of late adulthood when people focus on tasks that have personal meaning. Furthermore, according to Erikson, the period from post adolescence into early thirties that focuses on developing close relationships with others. There are several aspects. First, is selflessness, the sacrifice of one’s own needs to those of another person of the opposite sex or same sex partner. Second, sexuality, the experience of joint pleasure from focusing not just on one’s own gratification but also on that of one’s partner. Finally, deep devotion, marked by efforts to fuse one’s identity with the identity of a partner.
Describe Aboriginal approaches that focus on women’s roles within the community,(2)including managing community resources, and (3) keeping community relationships strong
• Describe the role of the women’s circle in Aboriginal communities. During this phase of life, “Women’s circle,” young and middle-aged women had the responsibility of ensuring sustenance for the community and care for the young and old. These responsibilities would have evolved as they went through their adult years, as women took on increasing authority with age,
• What are the tasks or work that were highly valued for women within the women’s circles, according to Anderson? The core values of Aboriginal womanhood: “to be a good worker was a way of life.” In the mid-twentieth-century a high value characteristic was placed on ‘personal competence, self-reliance, and hard work. For instance, tipis and other types of lodging were thus both the symbolic and literal terrain of women in the past, as it was the woman who owned the tipi and did the ceremonial work involved in putting it up, and owned all the contents of it, belonged to the woman. In addition it was the woman’s job to maintain order in the community and organizing public functions such as the spaces community members would occupy according to their particular responsibilities.
Food Management and Security, a woman’s abilities in food procurement, preparation, and preservation were critical to the well-being of her family and to its food security. The woman’s contribution to foods included vegetable foods, maple sugar, small game, and, to a certain extent, fish. Mainly, the woman’s contributed to community survival through the planning and management of food. Aboriginal woman needed to know the different growth factors and maturation of plant life around them in order to harvest and they passed this knowledge to the younger generation about the upcoming seasons in the characteristics of food preparation and food security. Older woman, concerned themselves with food security by ensuring that men hunted moose so pemmican could be prepared for the winter and the woman distributed the moose meat to everyone. The ‘woman’s circle,’ worked with berries that were used for pemmican and dried into cakes. This food lasted well into the winter, and could be stored for long periods of time. Woman were also in charge of drying meat and fish. On the other hand, work responsibilities were flexible when necessary.
Clothing, traditionally, women provided clothing from furs and hides, cloth and beads. Clothing was within the women’s domain, as it was their responsibility to transform the large game brought into them and to ensure that the community was properly fed and clothed. Most of the clothing was hand sewn, particularly among the older women. Summers were dedicated to tanning hides, which would then be turned into clothing and moccasins for the fall and winter. Winter nights were also occupied by sewing handicrafts, which women could sell of trade at the store for sugar or other special things.
Working for Pay, some woman, ran their own traplines and sustained their families by selling their furs. Some women worked as wage labourers in fish plants; some woman, worked at paid work, it was more common for unmarried woman or girls to take on full-time job.
As a result, the women’s circle, emphasis was placed on the type of work that was imperative for communities to survive. But other types of work were also learned. This involved cooperation in social activities that were essential to building and maintaining community.
Describe the challenges facing adolescents moving into early adulthood whose lives have been changed irrevocably by war and disruption in their country of origin. The video, ‘Everybody’s Children
After arriving in Canada, the first hurtle was being asked by immigration on whether they wanted to seek asylum and go through the process of be granted permanent status of residency. After waiting for residency they are placed on assistance for their support and if you are lucky some non-profit organization will provide housing for you with other refugees, for the short term. A requirement for these two adolescents is to go to school while collecting assistance. Furthermore, they have to network the difficult process of managing government bureaucracy and agencies in applying and getting residency that costs 550 dollars. while they go through the stresses of going to a new school environment they will take on the challenge of finding work to facilitate the funds they need to pay for their residency. In addition, the main hardship is managing the emotional stress of being in a new country and building relationships, while working on their future goals.
Describe physical development in early adulthood, including limitations and challenges, physical disabilities, and the impacts of stress.
For instance, in social work education, typically have larger proportion of female students. Furthermore, as the number of women increases in a particular field, it often becomes labelled “girly” and devalued by male students. In addition the powerful influence of gender stereotypes and a lifetime of gender bias in classrooms For instance, they are much less likely to choose careers that have traditionally been dominated by men. Woman, are more likely to choose professions that have been traditionally been populated by woman, such as nursing and social work. There is evidence, that woman are victims benevolent sexism. In benevolent sexism, woman are placed in stereotyped and restrictive roles that appear, on the surface, to be positive; for instance, give her an easier research project so she won’t have to work so hard (I have no knowledge of benevolent sexism). Unintentionally, the professor might be making the woman feel that she is not taken seriously and undermining her view of her competence. And this can be just as harmful as hostile sexism, which people treat woman in a way that is clearly harmful. Nevertheless, negative societal stereotypes produce a state stereotype threat in which their behaviours will confirm the stereotype–self-fulfilling-prophecy. As a result, woman might decide that failure in a male-dominated field; also, presents such a risk that the struggle to succeed is not worth the effort. Unfortunately, gender bias is still a fact of post-secondary life.
Compare and contrast responsibilities and tasks inherent in emerging adulthood, using the examples of Western normative values and the experiences of visible minority refugees in Canada
In western normative values is to nourish and protect your spouse, family, home, and career. In contrast, refugees are working hard mostly at low paying jobs and might get government assistance for school and all this while going through the emigration process. Fortunately one`s they ate excepted as landed immigrants and waiting for citizenship. they will likely work hard for their children’s future.
