Unit 2

Question 1

What are five major Western theories about lifespan development. individual approaches (psychodynamic, behavioural, and cognitive) to broader approaches (contextual and evolutionary).

Answer 1

o Psychodynamic perspective: the approach that states behaviour is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that are generally beyond people’s awareness and control.
o Behavioural perspective: the approach suggesting that the keys to understanding development are observable behaviour and outside stimuli in the environment.
o Cognitive perspective: the approach that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world.
o Contextual perspective: the theory that considers the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds.
o Evolutionary perspective: the theory that seeks to identify behaviour that is a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.

Question 2

Ethical issues in developing scientific experiments using human participants

Answer 2

The right to privacy, safety from emotional and physical harm and the protocol of informed consent; and the ethical use of deception.

Question 3

What are oral history traditions, the role of ethnography, relationship building, and research responsibilities

Answer 3

Anderson used ethnographical and autobiographical material to get information and stories on pre-reserve and early reserve history so she could put all the evidence together for her research of oral history

Question 4

List the key figures in each perspective

Answer 4

Psychodynamic perspective is Freud, Behavioural perspective John Watson, Cognitive perspective is Piaget, Contextual perspective is Bronfenbrenner and Vygotsky

Question 5

Demonstrate an understanding of the methodologies of scientific human development research.

Answer 5

Scientific Method the process of posing and answering questions using careful, controlled techniques that include systematic, orderly observations, and the collection of data.
Theories: broad explanations and predictions about phenomena of interest.
Hypothesis: a prediction stated in a way that permits testing.
Correlation research: research that seeks to identify whether an association of relationship between two factors exists.
Experimental research: research designed to discover causal relationships between various factors.

Question 6

Analyze key ethical issues in research.

Answer 6

First carrying out research that either lends support to the explanation or refutes it.
o Second identifying questions of interest.
o Third formulating an explanation.

Question 7

Explain Aboriginal methodologies and approaches to research and how they differ from Western scientific methodologies

Answer 7

Aboriginal methods and approaches, first, the person will share his/her oral history. Secondly, some information will change depending on the varying life stage of the individual or what is important to them at that particular time. Versus, the Western methods and approach of doing a research. First, the researcher will have an outline of questions to be ask. Secondly, the person be ask the research question will give an answer to the question. Thirdly, those questions will be evaluated and compared with other data in the research.