unit 8

Question 1

Electrolyte

Answer 1

A substance that conducts an electric current in water
Ex: NaCl dissociates in Na and Cl

Question 2

Nonelectrolyte

Answer 2

A substance that does not conduct an electric current in water
Ex: H2O2 does not dissociate

Question 3

Strong electrolyte

Answer 3

Dissociates completely in water to form ions

Question 4

Weak electrolyte

Answer 4

dissociates partially in water to form some ions, leaving mostly uncharged molecules

Question 5

Exothermic

Answer 5

when solvation releases more energy than required to separate particles(heat is released) left

Question 6

Endothermic

Answer 6

when the separation of particles requires more energy than is released during solvation(heat is absorbed) right

Question 7

Concentration

Answer 7

tells how much solute is dissolved ina given amount of solution

Question 8

weight/volume percent concentration(w/v%)

Answer 8

is the number of grams of solute dissolved in 100mL of solution.

Mass of solute(g)/volume of solution(mL) times 100

Question 9

parts per million

Answer 9

when a solution contains a very small concentration of solute

ppm= mass of solute(g)/mass of solution(g) times 10^6

ppm= volume of solute(mL)/volume of solution(mL) times 10^6

Question 10

Molarity(M)

Answer 10

the number of moles per liter of solution

Molarity(M)= moles of solute(mol)/liter of solution(L)

Question 11

Dilution

Answer 11

The addition of solvent to decrease the concentration of solute. The solution volume changes but the amount of solute is constant.

M1V1=M2V2

Question 12

Colligative properties

Answer 12

-properties of a solution that depend on the concentration of the solute but not its identity
-the number of dissolved solute particles affects the properties of the solution but the identity of the solute does not.
-the properties includes the elevation of the boiling point, the lowering of the melting point, and the pressure due to osmosis

Question 13

Osmotic pressure

Answer 13

prevents the flow of additional solvent into a solution on one side of a semipermeable membrane.

Question 14

Hypotonic

Answer 14

a solution has a lower osmotic pressure than body fluids

• the concentration of particles outside of the cell is lower than the concentration of particles inside the cell
• water diffuses into the cell, so the cell swells and eventually bursts
• for red blood cells, this swelling and rupture is called hemolysis

Question 15

Dialysis

Answer 15

In the human body the blood is filtered through the kidneys

Question 16

When is hemodialysis used?

Answer 16

When a persons kidneys are incapable of removing waste products from the blood