Bonding Flashcards
Ionic Bonds
- bonds in which elements are transferred from one atom to another
- Results from a metal bonding with a non metal(Ex: NaF, FeO)
Covalent Bonds
- Bonds in which electrons are shared between 2 atoms. Usually, a nonmetal bonded to a nonmetal
Nonpolar covalent bonds
- electrons are shared equally
- no dipole moment present in compound
Dipole moment
the overall direction the electron density is shifted in an atom
Diatomics
two identical atoms bonded together. Ex: Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F
Polar covalent bond
electrons are not equally shared
Why do atoms bond
- fill empty orbitals
- obtain an octet
- bonding process releases energy, making atoms more stable
Cations
-positively charged element
-this happens when an element loses an electron
Anions
- a negatively charged element
- happens when an element gains an electron
Shells
-Electrons in lower numbered shells are closer to the nucleus and are lower in energy
- Electrons in higher numbered shells are further from nuclear and are higher in energy
- they consist of orbitals
- S subsehll has 1 orbital(2)
- P subshell has 3 orbital(6)
- d subshell has 5(10)
- f subshell has 7(14)
How many electrons can each orbital contain
each orbital can hold 2 electrons(2n^2) that formula can figure out how many electrons can be held in the shell
Electron configuration
1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,5s,4d,5p,6s,4f,5d,6p,7s,5f,6d,7p
Shapes of compounds
0 lone pairs = linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, octa hedral
1 lone pair = bent, trigonal pyramidal, see-saw, square pyramidal
2 lone pair = bent, t shaped, square planar
How to find bonding from grouping
Subtract group number by 8
Polar molecules
a molecule that has an overall uneven distribution of charge due to the arrangement of its polar bonds, meaning it has a distinct positive and negative end
