Unit 8 Flashcards
mudejar
Mudéjar: Muslims who remained in Iberian territories reconquered by Christians during the Reconquista, retaining their Islamic faith and culture under Christian rule.
mozarab
Mozarab: Christians living under Muslim rule in al-Andalus (medieval Islamic Spain), who adopted many aspects of Arabic culture while retaining their Christian faith.
presura
presura: A process in early medieval Spain where settlers could claim and cultivate abandoned or conquered lands, often encouraged by local authorities to repopulate and develop new territories.
pogrom
pogrom: A violent and organized massacre or persecution of a minority group, especially Jews, often condoned or initiated by authorities.
berber
Berber: Indigenous people of North Africa, primarily living in the Maghreb region, with a rich cultural and historical legacy, including significant contributions to the Islamic conquest of Spain.
maritime consulate
maritime consulate: An institution established in Mediterranean ports during the Middle Ages to regulate maritime commerce, settle disputes, and protect the interests of merchants and sailors.
Honorable Council of the Mesta
Honorable Council of the Mesta: A powerful association of sheep ranchers in medieval Castile, Spain, granted extensive privileges by the crown, which regulated sheep transhumance and protected grazing rights.
fuero
fuero: A set of laws, privileges, and immunities granted to a town, province, or group in medieval Spain, often outlining local governance and judicial rights.
al-andalus
al-Andalus: The territories of the Iberian Peninsula under Muslim control from the 8th to the 15th centuries, known for their cultural, scientific, and architectural achievements.
Tariq
Tariq: An Islamic military commander who led the Muslim conquest of Visigothic Hispania in 711 AD, crossing the Strait of Gibraltar with an army predominantly composed of Berber and Arab troops.
Almanzor
Almanzor: A prominent Islamic statesman and military leader in al-Andalus during the 10th century, serving as the de facto ruler of the Caliphate of Córdoba and leading successful military campaigns against Christian kingdoms.
audiencias
audiencias: Administrative and judicial institutions established by the Spanish Crown in its American colonies, functioning as high courts responsible for governance, justice, and the enforcement of royal decrees.
paria
paria: A system of tribute or taxation imposed by medieval Muslim rulers in the Iberian Peninsula on Christian kingdoms, allowing them to maintain autonomy in exchange for monetary payments and occasional military support.
King rodrigo
King Rodrigo: Also known as Roderic or Rodrigo, he was the last Visigothic king of Hispania, ruling from 710 to 711 AD until his defeat and death at the Battle of Guadalete against the Muslim forces led by Tariq ibn Ziyad, marking the end of Visigothic rule in Iberia.
Sharia
Sharia is Islamic law based on the Quran and Hadith, governing personal conduct, family law, and societal matters, interpreted by Islamic scholars for application in Muslim-majority countries.
