Unit 7

Question 1

guild

Answer 1

guild: An association of artisans or merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area, setting standards for quality and providing mutual support and protection.

Question 2

urban oligarchy

Answer 2

urban oligarchy: A form of government in which a small group of wealthy and influential individuals or families control the political and economic power in a city.

Question 3

league

Answer 3

league: An alliance of individuals, groups, or states united for mutual protection or cooperation, often for political, economic, or military purposes.

Question 4

council

Answer 4

council: A formal assembly of individuals called together for consultation, deliberation, or decision-making, particularly in the context of governance or religious institutions.

Question 5

fair

Answer 5

fair: A large, periodic market or festival where merchants and buyers gather to trade goods and enjoy entertainment, often granted special privileges by local authorities

Question 6

coverso

Answer 6

converso: A Jew in Spain or Portugal who converted to Christianity, especially during the 14th and 15th centuries, often under pressure from the Inquisition.

Question 7

inquisition

Answer 7

Inquisition: An institution of the Catholic Church tasked with rooting out heresy and enforcing religious orthodoxy, using judicial procedures including trials and punishments.

Question 8

bourgeisie

Answer 8

bourgeoisie: The middle class in society, typically composed of merchants, industrialists, and professional people, who often own the means of production and have significant economic and social influence.

Question 9

charter

Answer 9

charter: A formal document granting rights, powers, and privileges from a sovereign or legislative body to a city, organization, or institution.

Question 10

market

Answer 10

market: A place or event where goods and services are bought and sold, ranging from small local markets to large international trade fairs.

Question 11

high relief

Answer 11

high relief: A sculptural technique where the figures are carved to project significantly from the background, creating a pronounced three-dimensional effect.

Question 12

bill of exchange

Answer 12

bill of exchange: A financial document used in international trade, where one party promises to pay a specified sum of money to another party at a future date.

Question 13

western schism

Answer 13

Western Schism: A period of division in the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417, where rival claimants to the papacy existed, leading to multiple popes and conflicts over legitimacy.

Question 14

medicant orders

Answer 14

medicant orders: Religious orders in the Catholic Church, such as the Franciscans and Dominicans, who embraced poverty and traveled to preach and serve the poor, relying on charity for sustenance.

Question 15

black death

Answer 15

Black Death: A devastating pandemic of bubonic plague that swept through Europe and Asia in the 14th century, causing widespread death and social upheaval.

Question 16

hidalgo

Answer 16

hidalgo: In medieval Spain, a member of the minor nobility who held a hereditary title but often lacked significant wealth or power, serving as knights or administrators.