Unit 10

Question 1

royal treasury

Answer 1

royal treasury: The governmental department responsible for managing the finances of a monarchy, including collecting taxes, funding the administration, and overseeing expenditures.

Question 2

audiencias

Answer 2

audiencia: A high court in Spain and its colonies during the Spanish Empire, which served both judicial and administrative functions, ensuring the king’s laws were enforced.

Question 3

council

Answer 3

council: A formal assembly of advisors or administrators that assists in governing, making decisions, and implementing policies, often found in both secular and ecclesiastical contexts.

Question 4

converso

Answer 4

converso: A Jewish convert to Christianity in Spain and Portugal during the 14th and 15th centuries, often subject to suspicion and persecution by the Inquisition.

Question 5

shepardic

Answer 5

Sephardic: Jews originating from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal), with a distinct cultural and religious heritage, many of whom were expelled or forced to convert in the late 15th century.

Question 6

santa hermandad

Answer 6

Holy Brotherhood (Santa Hermandad): A military peacekeeping association in medieval Spain tasked with protecting rural areas and roads from bandits and enforcing law and order.

Question 7

primogeniture

Answer 7

primogeniture: A system of inheritance where the eldest son inherits all

Question 8

cortes

Answer 8

Cortes: The representative assemblies in Spain and Portugal during the medieval and early modern periods, composed of nobles, clergy, and commoners, which advised the monarch and approved taxes.

Question 9

morisco

Answer 9

Morisco: Muslims in Spain who were forced to convert to Christianity after the Reconquista, many of whom continued to practice Islam in secret and faced expulsion in the early 17th century.

Question 10

viceroy

Answer 10

viceroy: A representative of the monarch in a colonial territory, vested with extensive administrative and governmental powers to rule on behalf of the crown.

Question 11

modern estate

Answer 11

modern estate: A term referring to the socio-political structure that emerged in Europe during the late Middle Ages and early modern period, characterized by the decline of feudalism, the rise of centralized monarchies, and the formation of nation-states.

Question 12

corregidores

Answer 12

corregidores: Officials appointed by the Spanish Crown to oversee governance, law enforcement, and taxation in specific districts or regions, exercising both administrative and judicial authority.

Question 13

treaty of alcacovas

Answer 13

Treaty of Alcáçovas: A treaty signed in 1479 between Portugal and Castile, ending the War of the Castilian Succession and establishing territorial boundaries and spheres of influence between the two kingdoms, including the division of Atlantic territories and trade rights.: