Unit 8 Flashcards
acquaintance
Noun
1
a person’s knowledge or experience of something.
the students had little acquaintance with the language
2
a person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friend.
a wide circle of friends and acquaintances
adolescent
Adjective
1
(of a young person) in the process of developing from a child into an adult.
many parents find it hard to understand their adolescent children
Noun
1
an adolescent boy or girl.
the books are aimed at children and adolescents
apparently
Adverb
1
as far as one knows or can see.
the child nodded, apparently content with the promise
carry out
انجام دادن
community
Noun
1
a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.
the scientific community
2
a feeling of fellowship with others, as a result of sharing common attitudes, interests, and goals.
the sense of community that organized religion can provide
consequence
Noun
1
a result or effect of an action or condition.
many have been laid off from work as a consequence of the administration’s policies
2
importance or relevance.
the past is of no consequence
contact
Noun
1
the state or condition of physical touching.
the tennis ball is in contact with the court surface for as little as 5 milliseconds
2
the state or condition of communicating or meeting.
Lewis and Clark came into contact with numerous river tribes
Verb
1
communicate with (someone), typically in order to give or receive specific information.
anyone with any information should contact Darlington police
2
touch.
I winced as my blister contacted the floor
eradicate
Verb
1
destroy completely; put an end to.
this disease has been eradicated from the world
exchange
Noun
1
an act of giving one thing and receiving another (especially of the same type or value) in return.
negotiations should eventually lead to an exchange of land for peaceز
Verb
1
give something and receive something of the same kind in return.
we exchanged addresses
explode
Verb
1
burst or shatter violently and noisily as a result of rapid combustion, decomposition, excessive internal pressure, or other process, typically scattering fragments widely.
a large bomb exploded in a park
2
(of a violent emotion or a situation) arise or develop suddenly.
tension that could explode into violence at any time
3
increase suddenly or rapidly in size, number, or extent.
the car population of Warsaw has exploded
4
show (a belief or theory) to be false or unfounded.
the myths that link smoking with glamour need to be exploded
Immense
Adjective
1
extremely large or great, especially in scale or degree.
the cost of restoration has been immense
impose
Verb
1
force (something unwelcome or unfamiliar) to be accepted or put in place.
the decision was theirs and was not imposed on them by others
2
take advantage of someone by demanding their attention or commitment.
she realized that she had imposed on Miss Hatherby’s kindness
interact
Verb
1
act in such a way as to have an effect on another; act reciprocally.
all the stages in the process interact
post
Noun
1
a long, sturdy piece of timber or metal set upright in the ground and used to support something or as a marker.
follow the blue posts until the track meets a forestry road
Verb
1
display (a notice) in a public place.
a curt notice had been posted on the door
Preposition 1 subsequent to; after. American poetry post the 1950s hasn't had the same impact Prefix 1 after in time or order. postdate
pursue
Verb
1
follow (someone or something) in order to catch or attack them.
the officer pursued the van
2
(of a person or way) continue or proceed along (a path or route).
the road pursued a straight course over the scrubland
statistics
Noun
1
the practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring proportions in a whole from those in a representative sample.
susceptible
Adjective
1
likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
patients with liver disease may be susceptible to infection
2
capable or admitting of.
the problem is not susceptible of a simple solution
trend
Noun
1
a general direction in which something is developing or changing.
an upward trend in sales and profit margins
2
a fashion.
the latest trends in modern dance
Verb
1
change or develop in a general direction.
unemployment has been trending upward
undergo
Verb
1
experience or be subjected to (something, typically something unpleasant, painful, or arduous).
the baby underwent a life-saving brain operation
unfold
Verb
1
open or spread out from a folded position.
he unfolded the map and laid it out on the table
absence
Noun
1
the state of being away from a place or person.
the letter had arrived during his absence
academic
Adjective
1
relating to education and scholarship.
academic achievement
2
not of practical relevance; of only theoretical interest.
the debate has been largely academic
Noun
1
a teacher or scholar in a college or institute of higher education.
the EU offers grants to academics for research on approved projects
approximately
Adverb
1
used to show that something is almost, but not completely, accurate or exact; roughly.
a journey of approximately two hours
bear
Verb
1
carry the weight of; support.
the bees form large colonies and need the thick branches of tall trees to bear the weight of their nests
2
endure (an ordeal or difficulty).
she bore the pain stoically
commensurate
Adjective
1
corresponding in size or degree; in proportion.
salary will be commensurate with experience
devote
Verb
1
give all or a large part of one’s time or resources to (a person, activity, or cause).
I wanted to devote more time to my family
dire
Adjective
1
(of a situation or event) extremely serious or urgent.
dire consequences
discrepancy
Noun
1
a lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.
there’s a discrepancy between your account and his
equality
Noun
1
the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
an organization aiming to promote racial equality
frustration
Noun
1
the feeling of being upset or annoyed, especially because of inability to change or achieve something.
I sometimes feel like screaming with frustration
funding
Noun
1
money provided, especially by an organization or government, for a particular purpose.
funding for the project was provided by the Housing Corporation
guidance
Noun
1
advice or information aimed at resolving a problem or difficulty, especially as given by someone in authority.
he looked to his father for inspiration and guidance
2
the directing of the motion or position of something, especially a missile.
a surface-to-air missile guidance system
inordinate
Adjective
1
unusually or disproportionately large; excessive.
a case that had taken up an inordinate amount of time
invaluable
Adjective
1
extremely useful; indispensable.
an invaluable source of information
mentor
Noun
1
an experienced and trusted adviser.
he was her friend and mentor until his death in 1915
Verb
1
advise or train (someone, especially a younger colleague).
both trainees were expertly mentored by a site supervisor
persist
Verb
1
continue firmly or obstinately in an opinion or a course of action in spite of difficulty, opposition, or failure.
the minority of drivers who persist in drinking
pressure
Noun
1
continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it.
the slight extra pressure he applied to her hand
2
the use of persuasion, influence, or intimidation to make someone do something.
the many pressures on girls to worry about their looks
Verb
1
attempt to persuade or coerce (someone) into doing something.
it might now be possible to pressure him into resigning
progress
Noun
1
forward or onward movement toward a destination.
the darkness did not stop my progress
Verb
1
move forward or onward in space or time.
as the century progressed, the quality of telescopes improved
struggle
Verb
1
make forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction.
before she could struggle, he lifted her up
Noun
1
a forceful or violent effort to get free of restraint or resist attack.
there were signs of a struggle and there was a lot of blood around
validate
Verb
1
check or prove the validity or accuracy of (something).
these estimates have been validated by periodic surveys
abound
Verb
1
exist in large numbers or amounts.
rumors of a further scandal abound
account for
حساب برای
capable
Adjective
1
having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve a specified thing.
I’m quite capable of taking care of myself
2
able to achieve efficiently whatever one has to do; competent.
she looked enthusiastic and capable
compact
Adjective
1
closely and neatly packed together; dense.
a compact cluster of houses
Verb
1
exert force on (something) to make it more dense; compress.
the soil may be compacted by iron oxide
corridor
Noun
1
a long passage in a building from which doors lead into rooms.
his room lay at the very end of the corridor
curb
Noun 1 a check or restraint on something. curbs on the powers of labor unions 2 a type of bit that is widely used in western riding. In English riding it is usually only used with a snaffle as part of a double bridle.
Verb
1
restrain or keep in check.
she promised she would curb her temper
disability
Noun
1
a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movements, senses, or activities.
exterior
Adjective
1
forming, situated on, or relating to the outside of something.
exterior and interior walls
Noun
1
the outer surface or structure of something.
a jar with floral designs on the exterior
incapacitated
Adjective
1
deprived of strength or power; debilitated.
Richard was temporarily incapacitated
interior
Adjective
1
situated within or inside; relating to the inside; inner.
the interior lighting is not adequate
2
remote from the coast or frontier; inland.
the interior jungle regions
Noun
1
the inner or indoor part of something, especially a building; the inside.
six men painting the outside of her house and three men painting the interior
necessitate
Verb
1
make (something) necessary as a result or consequence.
the severe arthritis eventually necessitated a total hip replacement
poverty
Noun
1
the state of being extremely poor.
thousands of families are living in abject poverty
ramp
Noun
1
a slope or inclined plane for joining two different levels, as at the entrance or between floors of a building.
a wheelchair ramp
Verb
1
provide with a ramp.
we have purposefully ramped the entrance to make it easier access
recreation
Noun
1
activity done for enjoyment when one is not working.
athletic and recreation facilities
slippery
Adjective
1
(of a surface or object) difficult to hold firmly or stand on because it is smooth, wet, or slimy.
slippery ice
slope
Noun 1 a surface of which one end or side is at a higher level than another; a rising or falling surface. he slithered helplessly down the slope Verb 1 (of a surface or line) be inclined from a horizontal or vertical line; slant up or down. the garden sloped down to a stream
switch
Noun
1
a device for making and breaking the connection in an electric circuit.
the guard hit a switch and the gate swung open
2
an act of adopting one policy or way of life, or choosing one type of item, in place of another; a change, especially a radical one.
his friends were surprised at his switch from newspaper owner to farmer
Verb
1
change the position, direction, or focus of.
the company switched the boats to other routes
terrain
Noun
1
a stretch of land, especially with regard to its physical features.
they were delayed by rough terrain
unwieldy
Adjective
1
difficult to carry or move because of its size, shape, or weight.
the first mechanical clocks were large and unwieldy
update
Verb
1
make (something) more modern or up to date.
security measures are continually updated and improved
Noun
1
an act of bringing something or someone up to date, or an updated version of something.
an update on recently published crime figures
