Unit 4

Question 1

adopt

Answer 1

Verb
1
legally take (another’s child) and bring it up as one’s own.
there are many people eager to adopt a baby

2
choose to take up, follow, or use.
this approach has been adopted by many big banks

3
take on or assume (an attitude or position).
he adopted a patronizing tone

Question 2

agricultural

Answer 2

Adjective
1
relating to agriculture.
agricultural land

Question 3

attribute

Answer 3

Verb
1
regard something as being caused by (someone or something).
he attributed the firm’s success to the efforts of the managing director
Noun
1
a quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something.
flexibility and mobility are the key attributes of our army

Question 4

carve

Answer 4

Verb
1
cut (a hard material) in order to produce an object, design, or inscription.
the wood was carved with runes

2
cut (cooked meat) into slices for eating.
he stood carving the roast chicken

3
establish (a career, role, or reputation) for oneself through hard work.
she has been busy carving a successful career as a singer

Question 5

civilization

Answer 5

Noun
1
the stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced.
they equated the railroad with progress and civilization

Question 6

creator

Answer 6

Noun
1
a person or thing that brings something into existence.
James Bond’s creator Ian Fleming

Question 7

deed

Answer 7

1
LITERARY
an action that is performed intentionally or consciously.
doing good deeds

2
a legal document that is signed and delivered, especially one regarding the ownership of property or legal rights.
mortgage deeds

Question 8

encompass

Answer 8

Verb
1
surround and have or hold within.
a vast halo encompassing the Milky Way galaxy

Question 9

excavation

Answer 9

Noun
1
the action of excavating something, especially an archaeological site.
the methods of excavation have to be extremely rigorous

Question 10

function

Answer 10

Noun
1
an activity or purpose natural to or intended for a person or thing.
bridges perform the function of providing access across water

Verb
1
work or operate in a proper or particular way.
her liver is functioning normally

Question 11

inscribe

Answer 11

Verb
1
write or carve (words or symbols) on something, especially as a formal or permanent record.
his name was inscribed on the new silver trophy

Question 12

literacy

Answer 12

Noun
1
the ability to read and write.
tests of literacy and numeracy

Question 13

mythology

Answer 13

Noun
1
a collection of myths, especially one belonging to a particular religious or cultural tradition.
a book discussing Jewish and Christian mythologies

Question 14

property

Answer 14

Noun
1
a thing or things belonging to someone; possessions collectively.
she wanted Oliver and his property out of her house

2
an attribute, quality, or characteristic of something.
the property of heat to expand metal at uniform rates

Question 15

scholar

Answer 15

Noun
1
a specialist in a particular branch of study, especially the humanities; a distinguished academic.
a Hebrew scholar

Question 16

settle

Answer 16

Verb
1
resolve or reach an agreement about (an argument or problem).
every effort was made to settle the dispute

2
pay (a debt or account).
his bill was settled by charge card

Question 17

specialized

Answer 17

Adjective
1
requiring or involving detailed and specific knowledge or training.
skilled treatment for these patients is very specialized

Question 18

structure

Answer 18

Noun
1
the arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex.
flint is extremely hard, like diamond, which has a similar structure

Verb
1
construct or arrange according to a plan; give a pattern or organization to.
the game is structured so that there are five ways to win

Question 19

tablet

Answer 19

Noun
1
a flat slab of stone, clay, or wood, used especially for an inscription.
at the corner of the apse is a memorial tablet

2
a small portable computer that accepts input directly on to its screen rather than via a keyboard or mouse.

Question 20

token

Answer 20

Noun
1
a thing serving as a visible or tangible representation of a fact, quality, feeling, etc.
I wanted to offer you a small token of my appreciation

2
a voucher that can be exchanged for goods or services, typically one given as a gift or offered as part of a promotional offer.
redeem this token for a free dessert

Adjective
1
done for the sake of appearances or as a symbolic gesture.
cases like these often bring just token fines from the courts

Question 21

accompany

Answer 21

Verb
1
go somewhere with (someone) as a companion or escort.
the two sisters were to accompany us to New York

2
be present or occur at the same time as (something else).
the illness is often accompanied by nausea

3
play a musical accompaniment for.
he would play his violin, and Mother used to accompany him on our organ

Question 22

altar

Answer 22

Noun
1
the table in a Christian church at which the bread and wine are consecrated in communion services.

Question 23

benefit

Answer 23

Noun
1
an advantage or profit gained from something.
enjoy the benefits of being a member
2
a payment or gift made by an employer, the state, or an insurance company.
welfare benefits
Verb
1
receive an advantage; profit.
the areas would benefit from regeneration

Question 24

celebration

Answer 24

Noun
1
the action of marking one’s pleasure at an important event or occasion by engaging in enjoyable, typically social, activity.
the birth of his son was a cause for celebration

Question 25

discourage

Answer 25

Verb
1
cause (someone) to lose confidence or enthusiasm.
I don’t want to discourage you, but I don’t think it’s such a good idea

Question 26

elaborate

Answer 26

Adjective
1
involving many carefully arranged parts or details; detailed and complicated in design and planning.
elaborate security precautions
Verb
1
develop or present (a theory, policy, or system) in detail.
the key idea of the book is expressed in the title and elaborated in the text

Question 27

energetic

Answer 27

Adjective
1
showing or involving great activity or vitality.
energetic exercise

Question 28

evidence

Answer 28

Noun
1
the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.
the study finds little evidence of overt discrimination
Verb
1
be or show evidence of.
that it has been populated from prehistoric times is evidenced by the remains of Neolithic buildings

Question 29

evoke

Answer 29

Verb
1
bring or recall to the conscious mind.
the sight of American asters evokes pleasant memories of childhood
2
invoke (a spirit or deity).
Akasha is evoked in India when a house is being built to ensure its completion

Question 30

floral

Answer 30

Adjective
1
of flowers.
celebrations of the season's floral abundance
Noun
1
a fabric with a floral design.

Question 31

garland

Answer 31

Noun
1
a wreath of flowers and leaves, worn on the head or hung as a decoration.
Verb
1
adorn or crown with a garland.
they were garlanded with flowers

Question 32

graceful

Answer 32

Adjective
1
having or showing grace or elegance.
she was a tall girl, slender and graceful

Question 33

image

Answer 33

Noun
1
a representation of the external form of a person or thing in art.
her work juxtaposed images from serious and popular art
2
the general impression that a person, organization, or product presents to the public.
she strives to project an image of youth
Verb
1
make a representation of the external form of.
artworks that imaged women’s bodies

Question 34

influence

Answer 34

Noun
1
the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something, or the effect itself.
the influence of television violence

Verb
1
have an influence on.

Question 35

reign

Answer 35

Verb
1
hold royal office; rule as king or queen.
Queen Elizabeth reigns over the UK

Noun
1
the period during which a sovereign rules.
the original chapel was built in the reign of Charles I

Question 36

revive

Answer 36

Verb
1
restore to life or consciousness.
both men collapsed, but were revived

Question 37

ritual

Answer 37

Noun
1
a religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order.
the role of ritual in religion
Adjective
1
relating to or done as a religious or solemn rite.
ritual burial

Question 38

stereotype

Answer 38

Noun
1
a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
the stereotype of the woman as the carer
Verb
1
view or represent as a stereotype.
the city is too easily stereotyped as an industrial wasteland

Question 39

sway

Answer 39

Verb
1
move or cause to move slowly or rhythmically backward and forward or from side to side.
he swayed slightly on his feet

Noun
1
a rhythmical movement from side to side.
the easy sway of her hips
2
rule; control.
the part of the continent under Russia's sway

Question 40

tradition

Answer 40

Noun
1
the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.
every shade of color is fixed by tradition and governed by religious laws

Question 41

abstract

Answer 41

Adjective
1
existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.
abstract concepts such as love or beauty

Verb
1
consider (something) theoretically or separately from something else.
to abstract science and religion from their historical context can lead to anachronism

Noun
1
a summary of the contents of a book, article, or formal speech.
an abstract of his inaugural address

Question 42

atmosphere

Answer 42

Noun
1
the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.
part of the sun’s energy is absorbed by the earth’s atmosphere

2
the pervading tone or mood of a place, situation, or work of art.
the hotel is famous for its friendly, welcoming atmosphere

Question 43

conflict

Answer 43

Noun
1
a serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one.
the eternal conflict between the sexes

Verb
1
be incompatible or at variance; clash.
parents’ and children’s interests sometimes conflict

Question 44

considerably

Answer 44

Adverb
1
by a notably large amount or to a notably large extent; greatly.
things have improved considerably over the last few years

Question 45

culminate

Answer 45

Verb
1
reach a climax or point of highest development.
the tensions and disorders which culminated in World War II

Question 46

effectively

Answer 46

Adverb
1
in such a manner as to achieve a desired result.
make sure that resources are used effectively

Question 47

emerge

Answer 47

Verb
1
move out of or away from something and come into view.
black ravens emerged from the fog

Question 48

exaggerated

Answer 48

Adjective
1
regarded or represented as larger, better, or worse than in reality.
an exaggerated account of his adventures

Question 49

frailty

Answer 49

Noun
1
the condition of being weak and delicate.
the increasing frailty of old age

Question 50

gesture

Answer 50

Noun
1
a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.
Alex made a gesture of apology

Question 51

humorous

Answer 51

Adjective
1
causing lighthearted laughter and amusement; comic.
a humorous and entertaining talk

Question 52

illusion

Answer 52

Noun
1
a thing that is or is likely to be wrongly perceived or interpreted by the senses.
the illusion makes parallel lines seem to diverge by placing them on a zigzag-striped background

Question 53

literal

Answer 53

Adjective
1
taking words in their usual or most basic sense without metaphor or allegory.
dreadful in its literal sense, full of dread
2
(of a translation) representing the exact words of the original text.
a literal translation from the Spanish

3
(of a person or performance) lacking imagination; prosaic.
his interpretation was rather too literal
4
of, in, or expressed by a letter or the letters of the alphabet.
literal mnemonics

Question 54

merge

Answer 54

Verb
1
combine or cause to combine to form a single entity.
the utility companies are cutting costs and merging with other companies

Question 55

portray

Answer 55

Verb
1
depict (someone or something) in a work of art or literature.
the author wanted to portray a new type of hero

Question 56

prominent

Answer 56

Adjective
1
important; famous.
she was a prominent member of the city council
2
projecting from something; protuberant.
a man with big, prominent eyes like a lobster’s
3
situated so as to catch the attention; noticeable.
the new housing developments are prominent landmarks

Question 57

prop

Answer 57

Noun
1
a pole or beam used as a support or to keep something in position, typically one that is not an integral part of the thing supported.
300 tubular steel props
Verb
1
position something underneath (someone or something) for support.
she propped her chin in the palm of her right hand

Question 58

reminiscent

Answer 58

Adjective
1
tending to remind one of something.
the sights were reminiscent of my childhood

Question 59

renowned

Answer 59

Adjective
1
known or talked about by many people; famous.
a restaurant renowned for its Southwestern-style food

Question 60

sharpen

Answer 60

Verb
1
make or become sharp or sharper.
she sharpened her pencil
2
improve or cause to improve.
they've got to sharpen up in front of the goal