Unit 7B

Question 0

Heuristic

Answer 0

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error prone than algorithms

Question 1

Algorithm

Answer 1

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

Question 2

Insight

Answer 2

A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; contrasts strategy-based solutions

Question 3

Creativity

Answer 3

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Question 4

Confirmation bias

Answer 4

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Question 5

Fixation

Answer 5

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set

Question 6

Metal set

Answer 6

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

Question 7

Functional Fixedness

Answer 7

The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving

Question 8

Representative heuristic

Answer 8

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes. May lead us to ignore other relevant information

Question 9

Availability heuristic

Answer 9

Estimating the likelihood of events based on the availability in memory; for instances come readily to mind , we assume such events are common

Question 10

Overconfidence

Answer 10

The tendency to be more confident than correct-overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements

Question 11

Belief preservation

Answer 11

Clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Question 12

Framing

Answer 12

The way an issue is posed; how am issue is is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements

Question 13

Language

Answer 13

Our spoken, written or signed words and the ways to combine to form meaning

Question 14

Phoneme

Answer 14

In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

Question 15

Morpheme

Answer 15

In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word (such as a prefix)

Question 16

Grammar

Answer 16

In language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand with others

Question 17

Semantics

Answer 17

The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning

Question 18

Syntax

Answer 18

The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

Question 19

Babbling stage

Answer 19

Beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language

Question 20

One-word stage

Answer 20

The stage in speech development, from a bout age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words

Question 21

two word stage

Answer 21

Beginning at about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements

Question 22

Telegraphic speech

Answer 22

early speech stage in which the child speaks like a telegram -go car- using mostly nouns and verbs

Question 23

Linguistic determinism

Answer 23

Whorfs hypothesis that language determines the way we think that