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AP Psychology > History And Approaches > Flashcards

History And Approaches Flashcards

0
Q

Behavioral Psychology

A

The scientific study of observable behavior and it’s explanation by principles of learning

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1
Q

Behaviorism

A

The view that psychology 1) should be an objective science that 2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes

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2
Q

Nature vs. Nurture controversy

A

Long withstanding controversy over relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

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3
Q

Empiricism

A

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

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4
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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5
Q

Natural Selection

A

The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival most likely be passed onto succeeding generations

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6
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Austrian neurologist who became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis

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7
Q

Structuralism

A

An early school in psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind

*introspection: the examination or observation of ones own mental and emotional processes

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8
Q

Human factors psychology

A

The study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments

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9
Q

Social-cultural psychology

A

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

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10
Q

Applied research

A

A form of systematic inquiry involving the practical application of science

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11
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individuals’ potential for personal growth. Love, acceptance, and belonging

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12
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

An American activist on behalf of the indigent insane who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums

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13
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

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14
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

The scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout a lifespan

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15
Q

Charles Darwin

A

English naturalist and geologist, best known for his contributions to the evolutionary theory of natural selection

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16
Q

Basic Research

A

Research arising out of curiosity

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17
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

American Psychologist and professor at Harvard who was mostly known for his “Skinners Box” experiments that studied animal behavior with reinforcements

18
Q

John B Watson

A

American Psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism

19
Q

Industrial/Organizational (I/O) psychology

A

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

20
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

The study of the roots and of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection

21
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

An American psychologist who was the first woman to become of the American Psychological Association (APA)

22
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical (ex: drugs) treatment as well as therapy

23
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, and marriage) and in achieving a greater well being

24
Q

Biological Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies the links between biological ( including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological sciences

25
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Russian psychologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning. (Pavlov’s dog)

26
Q

Carl Rogers

A

American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology

27
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

German physician, psychologist, and professor. Known today as one of the founding figures or modern psychology

28
Q

William James

A

American psychologist who was also trained as a physician. The first educator to offer psychology course in the US. “Father of American Psychology”

29
Q

Levels of analysis

A

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

30
Q

Psychology

A

The science of behavior and mental processes

31
Q

Experimental psychology

A

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

32
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

American psychologist in the early 20th century, was best known for her experimental work in animal behavior and motor theory development

33
Q

Psychometrics

A

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes and traits

34
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

35
Q

Clinical psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
** cannot prescribe!

36
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A

Pioneering American psychologist and educator. His interests focused on childhood development and the evolutionary theory

37
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Swiss developmental psychologist known for his epistemological studies with children. His theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called “genetic epistemology”

38
Q

Social psychology

A

The scientific study of how we think, influence, and relate to one another

39
Q

Psychodynamic psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders

40
Q

Functionalism

A

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function– how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish

41
Q

Personality psychology

A

The study of an individuals’ characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

42
Q

Educational psychology

A

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

AP Psychology (9 decks)

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