Unit 10

Question 0

Psychoanalysis

Answer 0

Freuds theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Question 1

Free association

Answer 1

In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the Person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Question 2

Unconscious

Answer 2

According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware

Question 3

Id

Answer 3

Reservoir of unconscious psychic energy, that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The Id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification

Question 4

Ego

Answer 4

The largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the Id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle; satisfying the Id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

Question 5

Superego

Answer 5

The part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement (the conscience) and for future aspirations

Question 6

Psychosexual stages

Answer 6

The childhood stages of development ( oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the Id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

Question 7

Oedipus complex

Answer 7

According to Freud, a boys sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

Question 8

Identification

Answer 8

The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

Question 9

Fixation

Answer 9

According to Freud, lingering focus of pleasure- seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved

Question 10

Defense mechanisms

Answer 10

In psychoanalytic theory, the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 11

Repression

Answer 11

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

Question 12

Regression

Answer 12

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

Question 13

Reaction formation

Answer 13

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites.

Question 14

Projection

Answer 14

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Question 15

Rationalization

Answer 15

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that offers self justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for ones actions

Question 16

Displacement

Answer 16

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet

Question 17

Sublimation

Answer 17

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people re-channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities

Question 18

Denial

Answer 18

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities

Question 19

Collective unconscious

Answer 19

Carl Jungs concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history

Question 20

Projective test

Answer 20

A personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics

Question 21

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 21

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make about ambiguous scenes