Unit 7A Flashcards
Intrinsic Factors (cognition)
1) attention, 2) memory, 3) motivation, and 4) psycho-motor learning stage
Subjective experience
Subjective relates to personal viewpoints, experiences, or perspectives
Objective experience
objective refers to factual data that is not influenced by personal beliefs or biases.
Extrinsic Factors (cognition)
1) practice, 2) feedback, 3) task classification, 4) instruction format, and 5) movement context.
Physiological response
how your brain relates to your bodily functions
Ex. Change in heart rate when stressed
Overjustification effect - cognitive theory.
Our tendency to become less intrinsically motivated to partake in an activity that we used to enjoy when offered an external incentive such as money or a reward.
EX: If children are rewarded for drawing, they are less likely to want to draw for fun in the future
Behavioral response
a change in the activity of an organism in response to a stimulus
James-Lange - Theories of Emotion
physical changes in the body happen first, which then leads to the experience of emotion
Cannon-Bard
stimulating events trigger feelings and physical reactions that occur at the same time
Self-Determination - Cognitive Theory
A person who decides to become healthy. In order to do that, they will need to start eating better and exercising. The motivation to do this is going to need to be intrinsic, meaning they will need to appreciate the inherent value of eating better and exercising.
Two-Factor Theory
arousal and cognition combine to create emotion.
Amygdala - what it does for emotion
a major processing center for emotions
Links memories to emotions
When it doesn’t work emotions could be disrupted and confused
Self-efficiency - cognitive theory
An individual’s belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.
EX: Students who do more in a class environment tend to learn more, develop critical thinking skills, and gain confidence.
Hypothalamus - what it does for emotion
expression of emotions
Ex. expressing your anger in the form of violence
Need for affiliation
The need for approval from others.
Henry Murray
-Identified 24 psychogenic needs.
-Believes that all people have these needs, but each individual tends to have a certain level of each need.
-Each person’s unique level of needs plays a role in shaping their individual personality.
Flashback
when memories of a past trauma feel as if they are taking place in the current moment
Present in PTSD
Cognitive Dissonance
The discomfort a person feels when their behavior does not align with their values or beliefs
Prefrontal cortex
The prefrontal cortex is like a control center, helping to guide our actions, and therefore, this area is also involved during emotion regulation
Phineas Gage’s emotion/personality
Prefrontal Cortex
Since Phineas Gage had a rod through his prefrontal cortex, his memory was not altered but his once gentle personality slowly degraded. He became a man of bad and rude ways, disrespectful to colleagues, and unable to accept advice
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Consists of
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
Kurt Lewin: Approach-approach
A person is faced with two desirable options
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
a network of nerves that helps your body activate its “fight-or-flight” response
Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
job is usually to relax or reduce your body’s activities. Because of the signals it carries, the rhyming phrases “rest and digest”
Appraisal
an evaluation of a situation to determine whether it poses a threat or not
Kurt Lewin: Avoidance-avoidance
An individual presented with two undesirable options
Kurt Lewin: Approach-avoidance
When an individual is enticed and repelled by the same goal or object
Kurt Lewin: Multiple approach-avoidance
An individual is given multiple bad and good options.
Transient stressors
Temporary and more quickly resolved sources of stress Ex. momentary conflict with child
Type-B pattern of behavior
Person is easygoing and laid-back and approach tasks with less urgency.
Chronic stressors
Long-term stress
Ex. Poverty
Type-A pattern of behavior
Highly competitive, ambitious, work-driven, time-conscious, and aggressive personality.
Alarm (fight or flight)
The initial symptoms that the body feels when it is under stress.
Resistance (fight or flight)
The body begins to repair itself
Exhaustion (fight or flight)
If the other two stages keep happening the body will become exhausted and shut down.
Richard Lazarus - cognitive theory responding to stress
According to this theory, stress is perceived as the imbalance between the demands placed on the individual and the individual’s resources to cope
