Unit 7 Vocab Flashcards
The tendency to see objects as only functioning in their usual way
Functional Fixedness
Judging the likelihood of something based on how well it matches a prototype
Representative Heuristic
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas, like coming up with a new game to play with friends
Creativity
The age level at which an individual performs intellectually
Mental Age
Groups or classes of things that share common characteristics
Categories
The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure
Validity
Generating multiple, unique solutions to a problem
Divergent Thinking
The degree to which a test measures the theoretical construct it is intended to measure
Construct Validity
The actual age of an individual
Chronological Age
Mental structures that help us organize and interpret information
Schemas
Narrowing down multiple ideas to find a single, best solution
Convergent Thinking
Establishing norms and uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test
Standardization
The consistency of a test’s results over time
Reliability
Performance improvement due to awareness of positive stereotypes about one’s group.
Stereotype Lift
The belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through effort and learning
Growth Mindset
The belief that abilities and intelligence are static and unchangeable
Fixed Mindset
The observed rise in average IQ scores over time
Flynn Effect
A factor that underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test
General Intelligence
The consistency of test results when the test is divided into two halves and both halves are compared
Split-Half Reliability
Step-by-step procedures that guarantee a solution
Algorithms
Simple, efficient rules used to make decisions
Heuristics
The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one’s group
Stereotype Threat
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
Intelligence
Systems of organization in which items are ranked according to levels of importance
Hierarchies
Tests designed to assess what a person has learned
Achievement Tests
Cognitive processes that manage and regulate other cognitive processes, like planning, decision-making, and self-control
Executive Functions
Continuing an endeavor due to previously invested resources
Sunk-Cost Fallacy
Incorporating new information into existing schemas
Assimilation
Changing existing schemas or creating new ones to fit new information
Accommodation
The best or most typical example of a category
Prototypes
A score derived from standardized tests designed to measure human intelligence
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Tests designed to predict a person’s future performance or capacity to learn
Aptitude Tests
Exposure to one stimulus influences the response to a subsequent, related stimulus
Priming
A tendency to approach problems using a mindset that has worked previously
Mental Set
Awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes
Metacognition
The way information is presented affects decision-making and judgments
Framing
Estimating the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind
Availability Heuristic
The belief that past random events affect the likelihood of future random events
Gambler’s Fallacy
The consistency of test results when the same test is administered on two different occasions
Test-Retest Reliability
The extent to which a test predicts future performance
Predictive Validity
Devising a solution by being creative
Break Mindset
The accumulated facts and information gathered over a lifetime. They increase through someone’s lifetime.
Crystal Intelligence
