Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards
Chemical messengers released by glands to regulate bodily functions.
Hormones
Drugs that cause perceptual distortions.
Hallucinogens
Hormone involved in social bonding and childbirth.
Oxytocin
Promotes rest and digestion.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Process of sending signals between neurons.
Neural Transmission
Controls involuntary bodily functions.
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System)
The symptoms experienced when stopping or reducing drug use.
Withdrawal
Neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and motor control.
Dopamine
Pathway for reflex actions.
Reflex Arc
Electrical charge across the neuron membrane when not firing.
Resting Potential
Transmit sensory information to the CNS.
Sensory Neurons
Chemicals that prevent neurons from firing.
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
Electrical impulse traveling down a neuron.
Action Potential
Connect neurons within the CNS.
Interneurons
Time after an action potential when a neuron can’t fire again.
Refractory Period
Activates fight-or-flight response.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Drugs that decrease neural activity and slow body functions.
Depressants
Genetic and biological factors influencing development.
Nature
Hormone that stimulates appetite.
Ghrelin
Process where traits that enhance survival are passed on.
Natural Selection
Increased likelihood of developing a condition based on genetics.
Genetic Predisposition
Neurotransmitter involved in muscle action, learning, and memory.
Acetylcholine
Drugs that mimic or enhance neurotransmitter effects.
Agonists
Neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers and mood enhancers.
Endorphins
Disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of neurons.
Multiple Sclerosis
Neurotransmitter involved in arousal and alertness.
Norepinephrine
Controls voluntary movements.
Somatic Nervous System
Support and protect neurons.
Glial Cells
A stimulant that increases alertness.
Caffeine
A depressant that affects motor skills and judgment.
Alcohol
Drugs that block or reduce neurotransmitter effects.
Antagonists
Drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters.
Reuptake Inhibitors
Neurotransmitter affecting mood, sleep, and appetite.
Serotonin
Research comparing adopted children to their biological and adoptive parents.
Adoption Studies
Brain and spinal cord.
CNS (Central Nervous System)
Are drugs that increase neural activity and energy.
Stimulants
Hormone that prepares the body for fight-or-flight response.
Adrenaline
Reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the sending neuron.
Reuptake
Environmental factors influencing development.
Nurture
Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory.
Glutamate
Transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
Heredity
Drugs that relieve pain and produce euphoria.
Opioids
Nerves outside the CNS.
PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)
Neurotransmitter involved in pain perception.
Substance P
An opioid that is highly addictive.
Heroin
Compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences.
Addiction
These transmit commands from the CNS to the muscles.
Motor Neurons
Reduction in membrane potential making a neuron more likely to fire.
Depolarization
A drug that can act as a depressant, stimulant, or hallucinogen.
Marijuana
The controversial practice of improving genetic quality by selective breeding.
Eugenics
A stimulant that increases dopamine levels.
Cocaine
Hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
Melatonin
Research comparing similarities between identical and fraternal twins.
Twin Studies
This explores how natural selection influences behavior and mental processes.
Evolutionary Perspective
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability.
GABA
Minimum stimulus needed to trigger an action potential.
Threshold
The reduced response to a drug after repeated use.
Tolerance
Hormone that regulates hunger and energy balance.
Leptin
Chemicals that stimulate neurons to fire.
Excitatory Neurotransmitters
Nerve cells transmitting information.
Neurons
Neurons either fire completely or not at all.
All-or-nothing Principle
An autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness.
Myasthenia Gravis
