Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards

(60 cards)

1
Q

The variable manipulated by the researcher.

A

Independent Variable

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2
Q

One variable increases as the other decreases- like hours on TikTok & grades.

A

Negative Correlation

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3
Q

A score indicating the percentage of scores in a distribution that a particular score is above.

A

Percentile Rank

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4
Q

Overestimating the accuracy of our knowledge.

A

Overconfidence

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5
Q

Group exposed to the experimental treatment.

A

Experimental Group

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6
Q

Ensuring participant information is kept private.

A

Confidentiality

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7
Q

Specific, precise definitions of variables in terms of the operations or techniques used to measure or manipulate them in a study.

A

Operational Definitions

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8
Q

Capable of being disproven by evidence.

A

Falsifiable

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9
Q

Misleading participants about the true purpose of the study.

A

Deception

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10
Q

Entire group of interest in a study.

A

Population

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11
Q

Testable prediction about the relationship between variables.

A

Hypothesis

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12
Q

Most frequently occurring value in a set of numbers.

A

Mode

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13
Q

Inactive substance given to the control group.

A

Placebo

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14
Q

Tendency to respond to surveys in a way that is viewed favorably by others.

A

Social Desirability Bias

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15
Q

Observing behavior in its natural environment.

A

Naturalistic Observation

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16
Q

Sample that accurately reflects the population.

A

Representative Sample

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17
Q

Repeating a study to verify results.

A

Replication

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18
Q

Only participants are unaware of their group assignment.

A

Single-Blind Study

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19
Q

Neither participants nor researchers know who is in the control or experimental group.

A

Double-Blind Study

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20
Q

Average of a set of numbers.

A

Mean

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21
Q

A distribution where most of the data points are clustered on the left, with a long tail on the right side, indicating that the mean is greater than the median.

A

Positive Skew

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22
Q

Both variables increase together Like ice cream and temperature

A

Positive Correlation

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23
Q

Explaining the purpose and procedures of the study to participants afterward.

A

Debriefing

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24
Q

Group not exposed to the experimental treatment.

A

Control Group

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25
A probability distribution with two different modes, which appear as distinct peaks in the frequency of data points.
Bimodal Distribution
26
Factors other than the independent variable that may affect the outcome.
Confounding Variables
27
Numerical measure of the strength and direction of a relationship.
Correlation Coefficient
28
Researcher’s expectations influence the outcome.
Experimenter Bias
29
Combining results from multiple studies.
Meta-Analysis
30
A quantitative measure of the magnitude of the experimental effect. It helps to understand the practical significance of research findings, beyond just statistical significance.
Effect Sizes
31
Difference between the highest and lowest values.
Range
32
Pre-determined questions asked in a set order.
Structured Interviews
33
Improvement due to the belief in the treatment.
Placebo Effect
34
Participants’ agreement to take part in a study after being informed of the risks.
Informed Consent
34
Selecting participants who are easily accessible to be in the control or experimental group.
Convenience Sampling
34
Applying findings from a sample to the larger population.
Generalizing
35
Non-numerical data collection and analysis.
Qualitative Research
36
Middle value in a set of numbers.
Median
37
Tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions.
Confirmation Bias
38
Relationship between two variables.
Correlation
39
Ensuring participants are not harmed during the study.
Protection for Harm
40
Evaluation of work by others in the same field.
Peer Review
41
Graph showing the correlation between two variables.
Scatter Plot
42
In-depth analysis of an individual or group.
Case-Study
43
Shared expectations and rules guiding behavior of people within social groups.
Cultural Norms
44
Belief that an event was predictable after it has occurred.
Hindsight Bias
45
Numerical data collection and analysis.
Quantitative Research
46
The phenomenon where extreme values on a variable tend to be closer to the average on subsequent measurements, due to random variation.
Regression Towards the Mean
47
Subset of the population studied.
Sample
48
Likelihood that a resulted activity is not from pure chance.
Statistical Significance
49
Measure of variability around the mean.
Standard Deviation
50
Ensuring diverse and accurate inclusion of different groups in research.
Representation of Participants
51
Committee review of research proposals for ethical concerns.
Institutional Review
52
Variable measured to see the effect of the independent variable.
Dependent Variable
53
Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected to the control or experimental group.
Random Sampling
54
Randomly placing participants into groups.
Random Assignment
55
Agreement from minors to participate in a study, with parental consent.
Informed Assent
56
A distribution where most of the data points are clustered on the right, with a long tail on the left side, indicating that the mean is less than the median.
Negative Skew
57
Rating scales used to measure attitudes or opinions, typically ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.”
Likert Scales
58
Symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution.
Normal Curve