Unit 1 Vocab Flashcards
Occurs when people pursue their own self-interests and it leads to mutually destructive behaviors.
Social Traps
Seeing good events as your own doing and lasting, while seeing bad events as temporary and not your fault.
Optimistic Explanatory Style
The tendency for a bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
Diffusion of Responsibility
Stereotyping those different from our ingroup as “the same.”
Outgroup Homogeneity Bias
The belief that outside forces, such as luck or other people, control one’s life and outcomes.
External Locus of Control
Seeing bad events as your own fault, lasting a long time, and affecting many areas of your life. Good events are seen as temporary and due to external factors.
Pessimistic Explanatory Style
Selfless concern for the well-being of others.
Altruism
People lose their own identity when they are in a group, and instead generally follow the group mindset.
Deindividualization
The expectation that people should help others in need, even if there is no direct benefit for themselves.
Social Responsibility Norm
This phenomenon is the tendency for people to believe the world is fair and that people get what they deserve.
Just-World Phenomenon
Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.
Attitudes
The belief that one’s own culture or group is superior to others.
Ethnocentrism
These are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.
Superordinate Goals
Explanations of behavior based on internal characteristics, such as personality or abilities.
Dispositional Attribution
This effect is when a single good trait carries over to how people view a person’s other traits.
Halo Effect
The feeling of being worse off compared to others around you.
Relative Deprivation
This effect states that that repeated exposure to a novel stimuli increases liking of them.
Mere Exposure Effect
It explains how people are persuaded, with central & peripheral routes.
Elaboration Likelihood Model
The bias to favor our own group.
In-group Bias
A technique used to get compliance from others in which a large request is made knowing it will probably be refused so that the person will agree to a much smaller request.
Door-in-the-Face Technique
These actions intend to benefit others or society as a whole without looking for anything in return
Prosocial Behavior
Factors that influence what we focus on and how we process information.
Attentional Variables
The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and our behaviors.
False Consensus Effect
Compliance tactic of getting a person to agree to a large request by having them agree to a small request first.
Foot-in-the-Door Technique
The recognition and appreciation of cultural diversity, promoting the coexistence of different cultures within a society.
Multiculturalism
Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to match those of others or to fit in with a group.
Conformity
A person’s way of explaining events, typically categorized as optimistic or pessimistic.
Explanatory Style
Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members
Discrimination
A cultural value that emphasizes group goals and interdependence over individual goals and independence.
Collectivism
Explanations for someone’s behavior that focus on external factors, such as the environment or circumstances.
Situational Attributions
It explains how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others.
Social Influence Theory
Unconscious beliefs or feelings that influence behavior and perceptions.
Implicit Attitudes
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
Group Think
The tendency to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the disposition in behavior.
Fundamental Attribution Error
An expectation to return favors or kindnesses to others as an exchange.
Social Reciprocity Norm
The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.
Cognitive Dissonance
Rules or expectations that are socially enforced.
Norms
A belief that leads to its own fulfillment.
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members; generally involves stereotyped beliefs.
Prejudice
External factors that can influence behavior and outcomes. Its why people act differently in an emergency than they think they will.
Situational Variables
The tendency to attribute one’s own actions to external factors and others’ actions to internal factors.
Actor / Observer Bias
This route to persuasion occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness.
Peripheral Route
Comparing oneself to others who are perceived to be worse off to feel better about oneself.
Downward Social Comparison
The tendency for individuals to attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors.
Self-Serving Bias
The influence of others that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them.
Normative Social Influence
A cultural value that emphasizes personal goals and independence over group goals and interdependence.
Individualism
The belief that one controls their own life and outcomes through their own efforts and actions.
Internal Locus of Control
Following the commands or instructions of an authority figure.
Obedience
The tendency for people in a group to have more extreme views than they would have alone.
Group Polarization
An overgeneralized belief about a group of people.
Stereotype
The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition.
Attributions
Comparing oneself to people who are better off than us, like someone with higher grades or more skills.
Upward Social Comparison
The influence of others that leads us to conform because we see them as a source of information to guide our behavior.
Informational Social Influence
A logic-driven approach, using data and facts to convince people of an argument.
Central Route
A set of expected behaviors for a particular social position.
Social Roles
The phenomenon of a person giving less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone.
Social Loafing
Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
Social Facilitation
Psychological phenomenon in which people are less likely to take action when in the presence of a large group of people.
Bystander Effect
