unit 7 test

Question 1

what can you do to raise your glucose level

Answer 1

eat food; derived from breakdown of carbs, proteins, and to a lesser extent fats

Question 2

displacement

Answer 2

when someone takes their negative emotions and focuses them on a different, safer target

Question 3

alarm reaction stage

Answer 3

the initial symptoms the body experiences when under stress (i.e fight or flight)

Question 4

why is setting unreasonable goals not smart

Answer 4

can undermine your motivation, performance, and satisfaction and can result in feelings of failure

Question 5

external locus of control

Answer 5

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

Question 6

what type of research did sigmund freud do to gain information for his theories

Answer 6

case studies, free association, dream analysis, and interpretation; Freud didn’t have much research to back his theories up; he only really did case studies, which usually cannot be generalized to the whole population.

Question 7

projective tests

Answer 7

a personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics

Question 8

thematic apperception test (TAT)

Answer 8

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Question 9

rationalization

Answer 9

when someone decides or comes up with a seemingly logical explanation to justify an event and avoid the true explanation

Question 10

approach-avoidance conflict

Answer 10

Conflicts in which you must decide between options with both desirable and undesirable features

Question 11

James-lange theory

Answer 11

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus; bodily changes come first and form the basis of an emotional experience.

Question 12

projective personality

Answer 12

use our unconscious reactions to an image to paint an accurate picture of our personality; projective: relating to the unconscious transfer of one’s own desires or emotions to another person.

Question 13

internal locus of control

Answer 13

the perception that we control our own fate

Question 14

drive reduction theory of motivation

Answer 14

A theory stating that imbalances to your body’s internal environment generate drives that cause you to act in ways that restore homeostasis

Question 15

sublimation

Answer 15

when someone channels his or her unacceptable feelings toward a different, socially acceptable activity/goal

Question 16

behavioral perspective

Answer 16

explains behavior through conditioning (such as classical conditioning). Essentially, a behavioral psychologist will say that all behavior is learned

Question 17

agreeableness of the big 5 traits

Answer 17

The word agreeableness refers to an individual who possess traits such as compassion, kindness, and caring for other people

Question 18

approach-approach conflict

Answer 18

Conflicts in which you must decide between desirable options

Question 19

big five theory of personality

Answer 19

The big five test determines where a person falls on five main personality traits: agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness

Question 20

unconditional positive regard

Answer 20

A client-centered technique in which the therapist communicates positive feelings and acceptance to the client, regardless of what the client says or does

Question 21

denial

Answer 21

when someone acts as if the negative feelings or events that cause negative emotions do not exist

Question 22

what do humanistic psychologists say about self-actualization

Answer 22

the process by which a person reaches their fullest potential

Question 23

self actualization

Answer 23

indicates the desire for personal growth and development that persists all through lifetime

Question 24

what are universal emotions, why are they called universal emotions

Answer 24

There are ‍ universal emotions: happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, contempt, and disgust; each can be identified by universally produced facial muscle movements

Question 25

resistance stage

Answer 25

The resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome is when your body tries to repair itself after the initial shock of stress; tries to cope with stressor

Question 26

what could be a problem of being type A

Answer 26

competitiveness, aggressive, perfectionism, stress

Question 27

neuroticism

Answer 27

emotional instability, tend to be tense, anxious, worrisome, restless, and moody

Question 28

incentive theory of motivation

Answer 28

A theory of motivation stating that behaviors are motivated by the desire to attain rewards and avoid punishments

Question 29

schacter-singer two factor theory

Answer 29

theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

Question 30

ego

Answer 30

the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

Question 31

rorschach inkblot test

Answer 31

the most widely used projective test; a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

Question 32

homeostatic

Answer 32

A dynamic state of equilibrium maintained by fulfilling drives and regulating internal conditions such as body temperature and blood pressure

Question 33

epinephrine

Answer 33

a naturally occurring hormone produced in the medulla in the brain and secreted by the adrenal glands during times of extreme stress

Question 34

yerkes-dodson law of arousal and performance

Answer 34

the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases; for easy tasks, the higher the level of physiological or mental arousal, the higher the performance. But if the task at hand is difficult, a higher level or arousal will only increase performance until a certain point.

Question 35

cortisol

Answer 35

secreted from the adrenal cortex, aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels and suppressing immune system function; stress hormone

Question 36

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 36

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 37

superego

Answer 37

the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations

Question 38

Minnesota multiphase personality inventory (MMPI)

Answer 38

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes

Question 39

projection

Answer 39

when someone attributes his or her own feelings to another person or group

Question 40

reaction formation

Answer 40

when someone expresses an exaggerated, opposite version of how they actually feel

Question 41

intrinsic motivation

Answer 41

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Question 42

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 42

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Question 43

extrinsic motivations

Answer 43

a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

Question 44

lazarus’s appraisal theory

Answer 44

departs from a physiological explanation for emotion, posits that emotions are a result of people’s subjective experience of an event; situations are not intrinsically good or bad one’s emotional experience depends on one’s interpretation of the situation