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Z- AET 260 > Unit 7 - Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Unit 7 - Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the average respiration rates at rest

A

Adult: 12-20 resp./min
Child: 16-24 resp./min
Baby: 30-40 resp./min

If a casualty is breathing at a rate +30 or -10 they need intervention

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2
Q

What will happen if someone stops breathing for 0 minutes

A

Breathing stopped - heart will stop soon
Heart will stop w/in 2 mins of someone not breathing

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3
Q

What will happen if someone stops breathing for 0-4 minutes

A

Clinical death
4+ min: Biological death

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4
Q

What will happen if someone stops breathing for 4-6 minutes

A

Brain damage possible

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5
Q

What will happen if someone stops breathing for 6-10 minutes

A

Brain damage likely

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6
Q

What will happen if someone stops breathing for 10+ minutes

A

Irreversible brain damage certain

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7
Q

Hypoxia

A

insufficient oxygen reaching cells
- cause: cyanosis, decrease in LOR, RR & HR

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8
Q

Anoxia

A

Total lack of oxygen

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9
Q

Eupnea

A

normal breathing

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10
Q

Apnea

A

Cessation of breathing, or absence of breathing

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11
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or laboured breathing

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12
Q

respiratory distress

A

refers to breathing that becomes difficult or labored

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13
Q

respiratory arrest

A

when breathing completely stops

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14
Q

s/s of respiratory emergencies

A
  • abnormal RR, skin conditions, and breathing rates
  • dyspnea (SOB)
  • confused, restless, anxious (emotional effects)
  • change in LOR
  • unable to cry, speak, etc
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15
Q

causes of respiratory emergencies

A

trauma,
inhaled toxins,
low-oxygen environment(high alt),
airway obstruction,
neurological conditions,
poor circulation,
lung infection
Illnesses
Excess fluid in lungs or lung blood vessels

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16
Q

Factors of lack of available oxygen

A

environmental (high altitude)
displacement by gases (CO, CO2, etc)
consumption (confined space)

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17
Q

airway obstruction

A
  • anatomical: tongue, swollen mouth from allergies

-foreign body (FBAO): teeth, blood, food, mouth guard

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18
Q

Partial Blocked Airway

A

can still move air in and out of lungs
- cough, speak, cry
- get them to cough

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19
Q

complete blocked airway

A

cannot move air in/out of lungs
- cannot cough, cry, speak
- respiratory distress>arrest>cardiac arrest
- 5 back blows + 5 thrusts (conscious)
- CPR (unconscious, known) w/ 1 breath return to CPR if breath doesn’t go in
- CPR (conscious, unknown) check airway 2 breaths, then CPR and 1 breath until it goes in

20
Q

what causes abnormal heart and lungs

A
  • illness
  • trauma to c-spine, diaphragm, head, chest
  • drug overdose or poison
  • compromised respiratory system leads to hypoxia!!
21
Q

anaphylactic shock

A

aka anaphylaxis
- severe allergic reaction (life threatening)
- blood vessels dilate -> profound low BP -> cardiac collapse
- swelling of airway prevent air passage

22
Q

anaphylaxis triggers

A
  • skin contact (plants, animals, pollen, latex)
  • injection (bee sting)
  • ingestion (medication, nuts, shellfish)
  • inhalation (pollen, dust, animal hair, mold)
23
Q

s/s of anaphylaxis

A
  • skin rash (small cluster) / hives (large)
  • itching
  • weakness
  • nausea/vomit
  • dizzy
  • dyspnea
  • tightness in chest and throat
  • swell of face/neck/tongue
    immediately occur or after 30 minutes
24
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A
  • permanent damage of bronchiole tubes, alveoli
  • difficult exhalation
  • increase CO2; decrease O2
  • lung lose their ability to function

3 clinical conditions:
- emphysema
- chronic bronchitis
- bronchospasm

25
s/s of COPD
- SOB, gasp for air - sit upright, leaning forward - barrel chested - cyanosis - JVD - ronchi (labored breathing) - prolong exhalation thru pursed lips
26
Emphysema
is a COPD - alveoli lose elasticity and become distended w trapped air - lungs cannot exchange CO2 and O2
27
s/s of emphysema
- SOB - difficult exhale - cough - cyanosis - fever more than 104 - finger clubbing - restlessness - confusion - weakness
28
chronic bronchitis
is a COPD - inflammation of bronchiole tubes - excessive mucous in tubules cause restricted pathway causing dyspnea
29
S/s of chronic bronchitis
triggered by smoke, pollutants - SOB - cough w sputum - cyanosis
30
bronchospasm
is a COPD - affect terminal bronchioles - small airway swell, fill w fluid, surrounding muscles constrict - SOB, wheezing
31
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- increase fluids in alveolar membrane and surrounding pulmonary capillaries - leads to less CO2 absorbed by RBC
32
S/S of ARDS
- tachypnea - pulmonary edema - cyanosis - SOB
33
asthma and its triggers
inflammatory process resulting in narrowing of air passage triggers: allergies, emotional stress, cold weather, phys activity
34
Asthma S/S
- wheezing on exhalation (airway is constricted and traps air in) - recurring dyspnea - chest tightness - sputum - cough - chest tightening - tingling
35
management of asthma
control/prevent symptoms - decrease exposure to allergens Drug therapies: - inhaled corticosteroids (treat inflammation, pre-treatment) - bronchodilators: relax or relief bronchiole muscles (immediate treatment)
36
Side effects of bronchodilators
- tremor, nervousness, dizziness, headache, nausea, tachycardia - should see HR increase - 8% have paradoxical bronchospasm - 3% have muscle cramps, muscle spasm, dilated pupils
37
pneumonia
group of illnesses with fluid/pus filled alveoli resulting in hypoxia. caused by bacteria or irritants (smoke, vomit)
38
S/S of Pneumonia
- dyspnea - tachypnea - pleuritic chest pain - cough with pus - fever over 100F - chills - nausea - vomit - headache - muscle aches
39
acute pulmonary edema
fluid back up in pulmonary veins and leaks into alveoli; oxygen enter blood decreases - caused by trauma to heart or lungs
40
s/s of acute pulmonary edema
-SOB - rapid, labored breathing - cyanosis - restless, anxious - exhaustion - tachycardia (increased HR) - cool, clammy skin - frothy sputum
41
pulmonary embolism
blockage in R side of heart into pulmonary circulation; blockage piece from somewhere else in body: - thrombus from lower limb vein - fat - air - amniotic fluid - tumor tissue
42
s/s of pulmonary embolism
SOB cough pain anxiety syncope (faint) hypotension cool and clammy tachycardia fever JVD
43
hyperventilation
tachypnea upsets O2 and CO2 balances Caused by: - fear/anxiety - head injury/hemorrhage/illness (LT) - heart failure (LF) - metabolic (LF) - asthma - exercise
44
S/S of hyperventilation
shallow, rapid breathing - dizzy. - n/t in fingers, toes, tense and nervous
45
respiratory emergency treatments
- O2 admin - maintain normal body temperature (heat or cool them) - comfortable position for resting (semi-fowler position) - reduce environment heat/humidity (block rain/sun)
46
key points of respiratory arrest
- life threat - cause: choke, ill, injured - often preceded by respiratory distress - other body systems will begin to fail (lack of O2)

Z- AET 260 (11 decks)

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