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Z- AET 260 > Unit 7 - Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Unit 7 - Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the average respiration rates at rest

A

Adult: 12-20 resp./min
Child: 16-24 resp./min
Baby: 30-40 resp./min

If a casualty is breathing at a rate +30 or -10 they need intervention

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2
Q

What will happen if someone stops breathing for 0 minutes

A

Breathing stopped - heart will stop soon
Heart will stop w/in 2 mins of someone not breathing

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3
Q

What will happen if someone stops breathing for 0-4 minutes

A

Clinical death
4+ min: Biological death

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4
Q

What will happen if someone stops breathing for 4-6 minutes

A

Brain damage possible

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5
Q

What will happen if someone stops breathing for 6-10 minutes

A

Brain damage likely

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6
Q

What will happen if someone stops breathing for 10+ minutes

A

Irreversible brain damage certain

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7
Q

Hypoxia

A

insufficient oxygen reaching cells
- cause: cyanosis, decrease in LOR, RR & HR

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8
Q

Anoxia

A

Total lack of oxygen

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9
Q

Eupnea

A

normal breathing

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10
Q

Apnea

A

Cessation of breathing, or absence of breathing

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11
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or laboured breathing

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12
Q

respiratory distress

A

refers to breathing that becomes difficult or labored

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13
Q

respiratory arrest

A

when breathing completely stops

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14
Q

s/s of respiratory emergencies

A
  • abnormal RR, skin conditions, and breathing rates
  • dyspnea (SOB)
  • confused, restless, anxious (emotional effects)
  • change in LOR
  • unable to cry, speak, etc
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15
Q

causes of respiratory emergencies

A

trauma,
inhaled toxins,
low-oxygen environment(high alt),
airway obstruction,
neurological conditions,
poor circulation,
lung infection
Illnesses
Excess fluid in lungs or lung blood vessels

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16
Q

Factors of lack of available oxygen

A

environmental (high altitude)
displacement by gases (CO, CO2, etc)
consumption (confined space)

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17
Q

airway obstruction

A
  • anatomical: tongue, swollen mouth from allergies

-foreign body (FBAO): teeth, blood, food, mouth guard

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18
Q

Partial Blocked Airway

A

can still move air in and out of lungs
- cough, speak, cry
- get them to cough

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19
Q

complete blocked airway

A

cannot move air in/out of lungs
- cannot cough, cry, speak
- respiratory distress>arrest>cardiac arrest
- 5 back blows + 5 thrusts (conscious)
- CPR (unconscious, known) w/ 1 breath return to CPR if breath doesn’t go in
- CPR (conscious, unknown) check airway 2 breaths, then CPR and 1 breath until it goes in

20
Q

what causes abnormal heart and lungs

A
  • illness
  • trauma to c-spine, diaphragm, head, chest
  • drug overdose or poison
  • compromised respiratory system leads to hypoxia!!
21
Q

anaphylactic shock

A

aka anaphylaxis
- severe allergic reaction (life threatening)
- blood vessels dilate -> profound low BP -> cardiac collapse
- swelling of airway prevent air passage

22
Q

anaphylaxis triggers

A
  • skin contact (plants, animals, pollen, latex)
  • injection (bee sting)
  • ingestion (medication, nuts, shellfish)
  • inhalation (pollen, dust, animal hair, mold)
23
Q

s/s of anaphylaxis

A
  • skin rash (small cluster) / hives (large)
  • itching
  • weakness
  • nausea/vomit
  • dizzy
  • dyspnea
  • tightness in chest and throat
  • swell of face/neck/tongue
    immediately occur or after 30 minutes
24
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A
  • permanent damage of bronchiole tubes, alveoli
  • difficult exhalation
  • increase CO2; decrease O2
  • lung lose their ability to function

3 clinical conditions:
- emphysema
- chronic bronchitis
- bronchospasm

25
Q

s/s of COPD

A
  • SOB, gasp for air
  • sit upright, leaning forward
  • barrel chested
  • cyanosis
  • JVD
  • ronchi (labored breathing)
  • prolong exhalation thru pursed lips
26
Q

Emphysema

A

is a COPD
- alveoli lose elasticity and become distended w trapped air
- lungs cannot exchange CO2 and O2

27
Q

s/s of emphysema

A
  • SOB
  • difficult exhale
  • cough
  • cyanosis
  • fever more than 104
  • finger clubbing
  • restlessness
  • confusion
  • weakness
28
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

is a COPD
- inflammation of bronchiole tubes
- excessive mucous in tubules cause restricted pathway causing dyspnea

29
Q

S/s of chronic bronchitis

A

triggered by smoke, pollutants
- SOB
- cough w sputum
- cyanosis

30
Q

bronchospasm

A

is a COPD
- affect terminal bronchioles
- small airway swell, fill w fluid, surrounding muscles constrict

  • SOB, wheezing
31
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A
  • increase fluids in alveolar membrane and surrounding pulmonary capillaries
  • leads to less CO2 absorbed by RBC
32
Q

S/S of ARDS

A
  • tachypnea
  • pulmonary edema
  • cyanosis
  • SOB
33
Q

asthma and its triggers

A

inflammatory process resulting in narrowing of air passage

triggers: allergies, emotional stress, cold weather, phys activity

34
Q

Asthma S/S

A
  • wheezing on exhalation (airway is constricted and traps air in)
  • recurring dyspnea
  • chest tightness
  • sputum
  • cough
  • chest tightening
  • tingling
35
Q

management of asthma

A

control/prevent symptoms
- decrease exposure to allergens

Drug therapies:
- inhaled corticosteroids (treat inflammation, pre-treatment)
- bronchodilators: relax or relief bronchiole muscles (immediate treatment)

36
Q

Side effects of bronchodilators

A
  • tremor, nervousness, dizziness, headache, nausea, tachycardia
  • should see HR increase
  • 8% have paradoxical bronchospasm
  • 3% have muscle cramps, muscle spasm, dilated pupils
37
Q

pneumonia

A

group of illnesses with fluid/pus filled alveoli resulting in hypoxia. caused by bacteria or irritants (smoke, vomit)

38
Q

S/S of Pneumonia

A
  • dyspnea
  • tachypnea
  • pleuritic chest pain
  • cough with pus
  • fever over 100F
  • chills
  • nausea
  • vomit
  • headache
  • muscle aches
39
Q

acute pulmonary edema

A

fluid back up in pulmonary veins and leaks into alveoli; oxygen enter blood decreases
- caused by trauma to heart or lungs

40
Q

s/s of acute pulmonary edema

A

-SOB
- rapid, labored breathing
- cyanosis
- restless, anxious
- exhaustion
- tachycardia (increased HR)
- cool, clammy skin
- frothy sputum

41
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage in R side of heart into pulmonary circulation; blockage piece from somewhere else in body:
- thrombus from lower limb vein
- fat
- air
- amniotic fluid
- tumor tissue

42
Q

s/s of pulmonary embolism

A

SOB
cough
pain
anxiety
syncope (faint)
hypotension
cool and clammy
tachycardia
fever
JVD

43
Q

hyperventilation

A

tachypnea upsets O2 and CO2 balances
Caused by:
- fear/anxiety
- head injury/hemorrhage/illness (LT)
- heart failure (LF)
- metabolic (LF)
- asthma
- exercise

44
Q

S/S of hyperventilation

A

shallow, rapid breathing
- dizzy.
- n/t in fingers, toes, tense and nervous

45
Q

respiratory emergency treatments

A
  • O2 admin
  • maintain normal body temperature (heat or cool them)
  • comfortable position for resting (semi-fowler position)
  • reduce environment heat/humidity (block rain/sun)
46
Q

key points of respiratory arrest

A
  • life threat
  • cause: choke, ill, injured
  • often preceded by respiratory distress
  • other body systems will begin to fail (lack of O2)

Z- AET 260 (11 decks)

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