Unit 5 - Pharmacology

Question 1

pharmacology

Answer 1

study of drugs and how they interact with the body
- systemic or local
- tend to have multiple action sites

Question 2

6 rights of medication administration

Answer 2

Right person
Right Medication
Right Dosage
Right Time
Right Route
Right Documentation

Question 3

drug interaction

Answer 3

beneficial/detrimental modification of the effects of one drug by administering another, thereby increasing/decreasing the effects of one or both drugs

Question 4

therapeutic action

Answer 4

The desired, intended action of a drug

Question 5

potentiation

Answer 5

enhancing effect of one drug on another drug when administered together
0 + 1 = 2

Question 6

side effect

Answer 6

unavoidable effect of using drug

Question 7

adverse effect

Answer 7

side effect that causes problem in patient

Question 8

drug allergy

Answer 8

A systemic reaction to a drug resulting from previous sensitizing exposure and the development of an immunological mechanism.

Question 9

contraindication

Answer 9

medical or physiological factor that makes it harmful to administer a medicine that would other wise be therapeutic to patient

Question 10

indication

Answer 10

conditions that make drug administration appropriate to do

Question 11

assisting with medicine

Answer 11

• responder follows patient’s specific directions on how to administer medicine
• not require special training
• ex: open bottle or EpiPen

Question 12

administrating medicine

Answer 12

• responder introduce medicine to patient’s body after deciding to give it
• require training or authorization from a physician who is allowed to administer or can give directions to

Question 13

synergism

Answer 13

combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone
1 + 1 = 3

Question 14

Epinephrine Hydrochloride

Answer 14

• Use if someone in anaphylactic shock
• Do not use on someone who is pregnant (9 month pregnant is earliest)
• 2 injections, second given after 5 minutes
  Give them antihistamine if available (will work after 20 mins)

Question 15

Nitroglycerin

Answer 15

• Cardiogenic chest pain
• Do not give SBP < 100mmhg or if they are known allergy/sensitivity. Or consumed Viagra in the past 24 hours or Cialis in the past 48hrs
• Side effects: hypotension, headache, drop in hr
• 1 dose every 5 mins (max 3) Must monitor BP
  Have to go pain free for 30 mins inorder to give another round of 3 if pain returns

Question 16

Acetylsalicylic Acid (aspirin)

Answer 16

• Indications: anticoagulant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, cardiogenic chest pain
• Contraindications: allergy/sensitivity to aspirin, any known bleeding disorders, unconscious (need to swallow the drug)
• Precaution: ulcer disease (could cause bleeding), asthma (asthmatic attack)
  ○ Still give the drug in both situations, the drug will stop the thing that will kill them first
• Dose and route: 160-325 mg orally
  ○ Ask to chew first if larger (breaks down faster)
  ○ 1 dose only ever of aspirin
  § If nitroglycerin has been administered = before second dose
  If no nitroglycerin = right away

Question 17

Oral Glucose

Answer 17

• Indications: diabetic incident in conscious casualty
  
  • Contraindications: airway cannot be maintained (oxygen tank comes in)
  • Precautions: semi-prone position
  • Dose and route: 15-20 mg orally (always this prescribed dose)
    Onset: ASAP and again after 15 minutes if needed

Question 18

Glucose alternatives (15-20 grams)

Answer 18

Glucose candy 5-7
Sucrose candy (skittles) ½ pkg
Jelly beans 1pkg
Orange juice 1 cup
Fructose (fruit leather) X
Whole milk 1.5 cups