unit 7 pollution Flashcards
List ALL the air pollutants emitted from burning coal
Mercury, lead, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulates, and various other heavy metals
Nitrogen oxides are primary air pollutants. However, they can mix with other compounds in the air to
make photochemical smog and acid rain. Smog and acid rain are examples of what type of pollutants?
Secondary Pollutants
Nitrogen oxides are primary air pollutants. However, they can mix with other compounds in the air to
make photochemical smog and acid rain. Smog and acid rain are examples of what type of pollutants?
Secondary Pollutants
The burning of diesel fuel releases what type of outdoor air pollutant
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
What is a VOC
Volatile Organic Compounds
VOC. What are their main sources?
burning of gas and wood
In what seasons do we see increases in smog concentration? Why?
summer. the temperatures are warmer, more sunlight present,
photochemical smog is the
dominant type of smog formation.
Why are there high levels of smog in urban areas?
there is a higher concentration of PM and NOx.
Why do thermal inversion layers trap pollutants?
Warm air rises in the atmosphere because it is less dense
This traps air pollutants and concentrations increase.
What are natural sources of particulate matter in the air?
Volcanic eruption, sea salt, dust, pollen
What’s the difference between PM 2.5 and PM 10?
PM 2. 5 refers to the atmospheric particulate matter that has a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres, which is about 3% of the diameter of human hair. PM 10 are the particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers and they are also called fine particles.
natural sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Respiration
Identify significant sources of the following indoor air pollutants: Formaldehyde
Manufactured wood
Identify significant sources of the following indoor air pollutants = Radon
Foundation cracks
Identify significant sources of the following indoor air pollutants: Mercury
Refrigeration
Identify significant sources of the following indoor air pollutants: Lead
Paints
Identify significant sources of the following indoor air pollutants: Carbon monoxide
Furnaces, wood burning stove
Identify significant sources of the following indoor air pollutants: VOC’s
Burning of wood, cleaning products
Identify significant sources of the following indoor air pollutants: Asbestos
Old damaged insulation or fireproofing material
three specific health effects of lead on humans.
Anemia, kidney damage, brain damage, weakness, death
is used to describe a situation in which the occupants of a building experience acute health- or comfort-related effects that seem to be linked directly to the time spent in the building.
Sick Building Syndrome
dust collector that removes particulates or gas released from commercial processes out of the air.
Baghouse filter
a device that removes suspended dust particles from a gas or exhaust by applying a high-voltage
electrostatic charge and collecting the particles on charged plates.
Electrostatic precipitator
are effective air pollution control devices for removing particles and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams
wet scrubber
operates by introducing the dirty gas stream with a scrubbing liquid – typically water.
wet scrubber
are used mainly to remove acid gases from combustion sources.
dry scrubber
this is done by introducing a series of dry reactants to exhaust gas at high speeds. This neutralizes the pollutants in the gas.
dry scrubber
What is a vapor recovery nozzle on gas pumps
They capture the gasoline vapors that escape from automobile tanks when they are being refueled. The vapors are returned to the underground gasoline storage tank through special hoses and pipes.
three things that a catalytic converter does on an automobile
Reduction of toxic by-products (like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons) of fuel into less hazardous substances such
as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen gas.
What does the Clean Air Act of 1970 mandate
establish air quality goals and to impose pollution control technology requirements on new and existing stationary sources and on motor vehicles.
NAAQS
U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards are limits on atmospheric concentration of six pollutants that cause smog, acid rain,
and other health hazards.
NAAQS
U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards are limits on atmospheric concentration of six pollutants that cause smog, acid rain,
and other health hazards.
two places in the environment where the above reaction occurs naturally.
Rainwater infiltrating through the soil absorbs carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide-rich soil and forms a dilute solution of carbonic acid.
Carbon dioxide, which is naturally in the atmosphere, dissolves into seawater. Water and carbon dioxide combine to form carbonic acid
environmental consequences of acid rain/deposition?
seen in aquatic environments, such as streams, lakes, and marshes where it can be harmful to fish and other wildlife.
How can limestone neutralize acid rain?
The sulfuric acid reacts with the limestone in a neutralization reaction. The calcium sulfate is soluble in water and hence the limestone dissolves and crumbles. The original acid (hydrogen ions) have been converted to water in these reactions.
How does noise pollution affect human health?
stress, poor concentration, productivity losses in the workplace, and communication difficulties and
fatigue from lack of sleep, to more serious issues such as cardiovascular disease
sources of noise pollution?
Industrial operations, vehicle traffic, construction
How does noise pollution affect organisms in the environment
Sonar testing from subs can impact marine mammal hunting and migration. Can also impact the mating and calls of various bird
species.
