Population unit 3 Flashcards
Four factors used to determine population growth? What is the equation?
Crude, death rate, crude, birth rate, immigration, emigration
(CBR + immigration) - (CDR + emigration)/10
From the population, growth rate equation, what factors add organisms to a population? Which ones remove organisms from a population?
Add: CBR and immigration
Remove: CDR and emigration
Six characteristics of r selected species
Short lifespan
Short, maturity time
Many offspring
Small offspring
No parental care
Fast population growth rate
Six characteristics of an K selected species
Long life span
Long maturity time
Few offspring
Large offspring
Parental care
Slow population growth rate
Carrying capacity
Max number of individuals in a population that an ecosystem can support
Density dependent factors
Factors that influence population growth based on size
Density independent factor
Factors that influence population growth independent of their size
Example of density dependent factors
Competition for limited food among members of a population, competition for habitat, water, light, and diseases
Example of density independent factors
Natural, disasters, floods, hurricane, tornado, fire
Is risking heart diseases high in developed countries or less developed countries
Developed countries
Total fertility rate
The number of children who would be born per woman
Replacement level, fertility
The level of fertility, at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next
Infant mortality rate
The number of deaths per 1000 life births of children, under one year of age
Crude birth rate
The number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1000
Crude death rate
The number of deaths occur among the population of a given geographical area during a given year per 1000
Why have death rates decreased in the last 100 years?
Access to advanced medical care in medicine
Three environmental impacts caused by increase of humans on this earth
Increase animal agriculture, and increased use of fossil fuels which contribute to global climate change
Widespread. Deforestation for agriculture in for development, which contributes to climate change, increases, soil, erosion, and leads to habitat loss.
Poaching, overfishing, and a legal animal trade leads to increase rate of extinction and decrease in biodiversity. These animals are hunted for meat, clothing, products, and sport.
Cause TFR EXAMPLES
Increase education for a woman = delay, having children
Improve health care = more children will survive to adulthood
Examples of economic or Societal factors
Higher infant mortality rate= they have more children to ensure that some survive
More agricultural = more children needed to help farm
Less developed country = children provide income to family
Decline in death rate
Improved medical care
Improved sanitation
Improved personal hygiene
Improved food
Birth rate high
Lack of education
Lack of contraceptives
Provide labor force
Why birth rate was slow to decrease
Educational opportunities for women were slow
Employment opportunities for women were slow
The term urban sprawl describes the expansion of cities in to rural areas. This phenomenon has occurred around the world and had economic, health, and environmental consequences. Describe two causes of urban sprawl.
Improved expanded roads, and increased wealth
To human health effects associated with the urban sprawl
Depression and hearing loss
