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Anatomy And Physiology 219 > Unit 7: Ocular Disorders > Flashcards

Unit 7: Ocular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Glands of Zeis or Moll

A

Glands at the base of the eyelash that release oil

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2
Q

Hordeolum

A

Staphylococcus Infection of meibomian gland or glands of Zeis or Moll

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3
Q

Treatment of hordeolum

A

-Hot compress
-Oral antibiotic medication

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4
Q

Chalazion

A

Chronic inflammation in obstructed meibomian gland

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5
Q

Treatment for chalazion

A

-Surgical excision
-Corticosteroid injection
-Kenalog-10

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6
Q

Entropion

A

Eyelid margin turned inward

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7
Q

Ectropion

A

Eyelid margin turned outward

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8
Q

Dermatochalasis

A

Excessive eyelid skin, may impact visual field

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9
Q

Kinds of conjunctivitis

A

-Bacterial
-Viral
-Allergic
-Fungal
-Parasitic

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10
Q

Characteristics of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

-Bilateral
-Yellow discharge
-Sticky eyelids

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11
Q

Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

-Topical antibiotics
-Oral antibiotics

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12
Q

Characteristics of viral conjunctivitis

A

-Unilateral initially
-Tender preauricular node
-Red watery eye

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13
Q

Treatment for viral conjunctivitis

A

-Wait for it to resolve on its own
-Steroids or antivirals

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14
Q

Characteristics of hay fever (Allergic conjunctivitis)

A

-Lacrimation
-Hyperaemia
-Chemosis (swelling)

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15
Q

Treatments for hay fever (Allergic conjunctivitis)

A

-Antihistamines
-Mast cell stabilizers
-NSAIDs
-Cold compresses
-Artificial tears

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16
Q

Characteristics of giant papillary conjunctivitis

A

-Affects upper eyelid due to deposits on contact lenses
-Large cobblestone papillae
-Contact lens discomfort

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17
Q

Treatment of giant papillary conjunctivitis

A

-Change the lenses more often
-Change cleaning system
-Possible mild steroid drop

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18
Q

Pinguecula

A

A yellow bump that’s more common on nasal conjunctiva

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19
Q

Pterygium

A

A fibrous plate caused by a growth of pinguecula into the cornea
-Can impact vision

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20
Q

Characteristics of subconjunctival haemorrhage

A

-Rupture of small conjunctival blood vessel
-Maybe caused by coughing, waiting lifting, blood thinners
-blood spreads out under conjunctiva

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21
Q

Treatment for subconjunctival haemorrhage

A

Will resolve over weeks

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22
Q

Characteristics of conjunctival nevus

A

-Benign, pigmented lesion
-Unilateral
-Yellow or brown

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23
Q

Treatment for conjunctival nevus

A

Monitor for changes

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24
Q

Bacterial or fungal keratitis

A

-Inflammation of cornea associated with infection
-Open sore on cornea
-Hypopyon (White blood cells in anterior chamber)

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25
Treatment for bacterial or fungal keratitis
Topical or oral anti-infectives
26
Characteristics of viral keratitis
-Dendritic ulcer (linear branching pattern with terminal bulbs)
27
EKC
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis -Very contagious
28
Corneal ectasia
Cornea becomes excessively thin and weak, unable to hold the normal eye pressure and starts bulging out
29
Characteristics of keratoconus
-Irregular astigmatism -Stromal thinning -Cone shaped cornea -Munson’s sign
30
Munson’s sign
When patient looks down, corneal con pushes the lower eyelid outwards in a V
31
Treatment for keratoconus
-Specialty contact lenses -Surgery like corneal cross-linking and corneal transplant
32
Arcus senilis
Benign peripheral corneal degeneration, Usually in elderly -Check cholesterol
33
Characteristics of corneal dystrophy
-Inherited -Bilateral and symmetric -Deposits or altered corneal tissue
34
Treatment for corneal dystrophy
-Depends on type and vision effect -Corneal transplant
35
Recurrent corneal erosion characteristics
-section of corneal epithelium detaches And then it keeps doing that -Severe pain
36
Recurrent corneal erosion treatment
-Pressure patch -Bandage contact lens -Ointment and artificial tears
37
Dacryoadenitis
-Swelling of the outer portion of the upper lid -Accompanied by pain and swelling, Tearing or discharge
38
Treatment for dacryoadenitis
Oral antibiotics
39
Characteristics of Nasolacrimal sac obstruction
-Membrane over valve of Hasner (bottom) -Common in babies
40
Characteristics of anterior uveitis (iritis)
-Inflammation -keratic precipitates -Auto immune disease (JRA) -White blood cells and inflammatory debris
41
Treatment of anterior uveitis (iritis)
-Corticosteroids -Cycloplegic and mydriatic drops
42
Characteristics of uveal melanoma
-Malignant lesion -Arise from melanocytes -Affects iris ciliary body and choroid -Is not always pigmented 
43
Treatment of uveal melanoma
-Radiation therapy -Enucleation (Complete removal of eye)
44
Characteristics of episcleritis
-Inflammation of episclera (Thin layer over sclera) -Bright red
45
Characteristics of scleritis
-Inflammation (diffuse, nodular or necrotizing) -Purpleish blue (Choroid visible through thinned areas) -Deep boring pain
46
Treatment of episcleritis and scleritis
-20% chance to resolve by itself -Patient education or topical lubricants -Corticosteroids (topical)
47
Characteristics of cataracts
-Opacity in the lens -Creates blur in vision
48
Types of cataracts
-Age related (most common) -Congenital (from birth) -Trauma -Drug induced
49
Treatment for cataracts
-Monitoring -Interocular lens replacement
50
Characteristics of age related cataracts
Cloudiness hardening or yellowing of the lens nucleus (Nuclear sclerosis)
51
Characteristics of cortical cataracts
-In cortex layer -Appears like spokes on a bike wheel
52
Treatment of vitreous floaters
-Monitor -Not always of concern unless dramatic changes noted
53
Characteristics of posterior vitreous detachment
-Vitreous Separates from the retina -Occurs in older age -May cause retinal tear
54
Treatment of posterior vitreous detachment
-Dilate eye to evaluate retina -Monitor for progression
55
Weiss ring
Where the vitreous Has become detached from the retinal service
56
What causes flashing lights (photopsia)
-Usually a manifestation of mechanical tugging on retina (vitreal or retinal detachment) -Ocular migraines
57
Schafer’s sign
-Tobacco dust -May signify a retinal tear
58
Characteristics of ocular hypertension
-Elevated IOP -Presents without visual field defects or optic nerve damage
59
Management of ocular hypertension
-Monitor intraocular pressure, visual fields, optic nerve
60
Characteristics of primary open angle glaucoma
-Increased intraocular pressure -Possible visual field defects (nasal step or arcurate defect) -Increased cupping, indicative of optic disc damage
61
Iridotomy
Laser cuts a hole in Iris to help drain aqueous
62
Trabeculoplasty
Laser burns area in trabecular meshwork to open up drainage
63
Intermittent angle closure
Some peoples angle closes in dark areas were pupil dilates for a period of time
64
Pigmentary glaucoma
Loose pigment in the eye can plug up the drainage system leading to high interocular pressure
65
Characteristics of optic nerve head drusen
-Calcium blobs on optic disc -Visual field defects
66
Characteristics of dry Age related macular degeneration
-No fluid or blood -Drusen -No new blood vessels
67
Characteristics of wet age related macular degeneration
-Fluid or blood leaking -Neovascularization -More visual distortion -Blood in macular region sits on retina and destroys cells
68
What layer are drusen in
Between Bruchs membrane and the RPE
69
Characteristics of both kinds of age related macular degeneration
-Drusen -Macular atrophy -Central vision defects
70
Treatment for wet age related macular degeneration
-anti-VEGF treatments -Avastin -Lucentis (ranibizumab)
71
Treatment for dry age related macular degeneration
-Vitamins -AREDS and AREDS2 -Copper -Zinc -Lutein -Zeaxanthin
72
Characteristics of a retinal detachment
-A tear or break in retina -Vitreous fluid goes behind the retina -Retina peels off
73
Management of retinal detachment
-Immediate treatment -Surgery (cryotherapy, laser retinopexy, pneumatic retinopexy, scleral buckle)
74
Characteristics of lattice degeneration
-Retinal thinning -White lines with pigmentation -Highly myopic eyes
75
Treatment of lattice degeneration
Monitor hole for formation
76
Stargardt disease
-Macular dystrophy -Genetic inheritance (Autosomal recessive) -Before age 15 -Macular photo receptors are damaged, irregular flex in macular region
77
Treatment for Stargardt disease
No treatment, vision rehabilitation helps make the most of it
78
Congenital hyper trophy of retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE)
-Benign -Large RPE cells with melanin -Clustered (bear tracks) unifocal 
79
Retinoblastoma
-Develops from early retinal cells -Leukocoria (White pupil) -Hereditary or non-hereditary -Autosomal dominant
80
Treatment for retinoblastoma
-Surgical removal of tumours -If not possible may have to remove the eye (enucleation)
81
Autosomal dominant
-Faulty Gene is in one of the autosomes -One copy of a mutated gene from one parent can cause the genetic condition -Child who has parent with mutated gene has a 50% chance of inheriting it
82
Autosomal recessive
-Two copies of the faulty gene are required to cause disease -For a child to be affected it needs to be contributed by both parents
83
X-linked recessive
-Faulty gene is located on the X chromosome. -Not present in females unless both X chromosomes have recessive gene
84
Mitochondrial inheritance
-Inherited from mother -Can effect male or female 
85
Multigenetic
Many traits, such as height, weight, shapes of organs and structures, and skin color, are determined by multiple genes
86
Characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa
-Degeneration of RPE -Pale optic disc -Narrowing of arteries -Loss of peripheral vision
87
Genetic inheritance of retinitis pigmentosa
-Autosomal dominant -Autosomal recessive -X-linked -Mitochondrial

Anatomy And Physiology 219 (6 decks)

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