Unit 7 Notes Quiz 1 Flashcards
how many people in the census in 1810?
7,240,000 people
20% of the population is black slaves
largest group is kids under 16
what did american citizens identify themselves as in 1800
regional identifications: loyalty to n, s, or w instead of american loyalty
led to civil war
stereotypes of people from different places
what cities developed bc of trade and commerce near rivers since they can transport
pittsburgh and cincinnati
who joined the union in 1803
ohio
what was a crucial commercial link in 1800
mississippi river: trade depended on water transportation
first president to be inaugurated in the new capital (DC?)
jefferson
describe jeffersons personality and stuff
despised formal life/ceremony - liked to read and reflect, very laidback, had informal meetings, didn’t like public speaking/not good at it, excellent architect - designed monticello and uva
what did jefferson talk ab in his inaugural address
downplayed difference btw political parties, promised many things: wanted friendships but not alliances, wanted to preserve state power but also believed in constitutional vigor (federal govt’), encouraged both agriculture and industry, honesty, economy, and tried to unify the country
jefferson’s cabinet
state - madison (friends, speaker of house)
treasury - gallatin (swiss, understood fed. gov’t)
how did jefferson plan to cut the national debt (his top priority)
substantial cuts in budget
closed several american embassies (where diplomats stay) in Europe
slashed military spending (reduced size of army by 50%, got rid of some naval ships)
he also created Army Corps of Engineers and military academy at West Point
other reforms made by jefferson
urged congress to repeal all direct taxes (whiskey)
let alien and sedition acts expire - didn’t renew them
new naturalization act passed: goes back to 5 years
bank of US and tariffs continued
midnight judges
last minute appointments for judges made by Adams on the night of March 3, 1801, not all were delivered
what was jefferson’s reaction to the midnight judges
he was angry and picked Republicans to fill the posts of the people who did not get their commissions in time
who was John Marshall
Federalist
Chief Justice
helped court to become an active force (created the Supreme Court the way it is today)
judged marbury v. madison
judicial review
power of the Supreme Court to review acts of Congress and the President
it can judge the law: can declare acts or laws unconstitutional
the judicial ranch can check and balance like the other 2 branches
who was marbury
one of Adams’ midnight judges appointees that didn’t get the job
named justice of peace in DC
appealed to the Supreme Court for a writ
issue before the Supreme Court in Marbury v Madison
should the court issue a writ of mandamus ordering the secretary of state to deliver commissions to marbury and the others who had been denied?
what was the decision of the court
they unanimously turned down Marbury’s request for the court order. they wold not order the secretary of state to give it to him
effects of marbury v madison
became a landmark case (Feb 1803)
declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional (first time they did that)
court assumed right of judicial review
referring to officeholders who have not been reelected and so serve the remainder of their term in office w little backing or authority
lame duck
official document authorizing certain duties and powers
commission
in law, a formal, written request to a court asking for a specific action
petition
a court order requiring a gov’t official to carry out his or her official duty
writ of mandamus
difficult choice btw two relatively equal options
dilemma
the authority of a court to be the first to hear and decide a case
original jurisdiction
the right of a court to hear a case “on appeal” after the original court has acted
appellate jurisdiction
how did jefferson attempt to change the courts
impeachment: he wanted to get rid of Federalists in courts since justices were appointed for life
samuel chase impeachment
he went out of his way to denounce Republicans, so they tried to impeach him; however these were purely political
effect of chase
if he had been found guilty, any difference btw party in power and political opponents could lead to impeachment
