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American > Midterm-People > Flashcards

Midterm-People Flashcards

1
Q

from genoa italy, sailed 4 times, never realized he reached the new world first,

triying to get to aisa to trade spices, perfume, rugs, tea, called the native americans indians, his trip was finaced by Queen Isabella, sails on 3 ships; nina, pinta, santa maria, 33 day voyage, reached San Salvador (Holy Savior)

A

columbus

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2
Q

first to circumnavigate the world, took 3 years didnt complete voyage, killed in phillipeans, 5 ships went only 1 returned, named the Pacific Ocean, said 75% of earth is water, fulfilled the dream of columbus; reached west indies, revealed new lands

A

Magellan

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3
Q

named florida: all landabove gulf of mexico, searching for fountain of youth

A

De Leon

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4
Q

sailed for the english and the dutch, sailed 150 miles up the hudson looking for a northwest passage, left in the hudson bay to die

A

Hudson

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5
Q

french, did more then anyone beofre to fill the map of the east coast of North America

A

De Verrazzano

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6
Q

discovered and explored the gulf of st lawrence, built settlement near modern day quebec

A

Cartier

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7
Q

defeated Incan empire, opened door for more reckless and ruthless conquistadors, killed incan leader to get riches

A

pizzaro

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8
Q

first english explorer to corss atlantic, goes to newfoundland, with an 11 week return trip and later dissapears, lays basis for english exploration

A

cabot

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9
Q

found Grand canyon, looking for northwest passage

A

Coronado

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10
Q

first spainyard to cross mississippi river, discovered GE, AL, Arkansas, Oklahoma

A

de Soto

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11
Q

used route around tip of africa found by dias to sail to india

A

de gama

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12
Q

helped coquer cuba, died on expedition to florida

A

Narvaez

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13
Q

discovered isthmus of Panama, first european to see pacific ocean, called it the sea of the south

A

Balboa

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14
Q

spanish queen that finacned columbus, gave him the 3 ships

A

queen isabella

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15
Q

rounded tip of africa at the cape of good hope

A

dias

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16
Q

renaissance mathmatician and astronomer who saod sun was at the center (heleocentric)

A

copernicus

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17
Q

invented printing press first book published was bible, communications revolution

A

guttenburg

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18
Q

travelled from Venie to the east, wrote about his travels called the silk road

A

marco polo

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19
Q

aka Henry the Navigator, portugal takes to sea, helped invent caravel, astrolabe, quadrant, compass, and accruate maps, set up sailing schools

A

prince henry

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20
Q

norse discoverer that found newfoundland , technically first to new world but settlements didnt last

A

Erikkson

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21
Q

filled map of the coast of south america, wrote account and called lands a brand new continent, america named after him

A

Vespucci

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22
Q

king of spanish empire and holy roman empire

A

charles V

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23
Q

founded quebec, first french colony in the new world

A

champlain

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24
Q

governor of plymouth colony

A

bradford

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25
Q

helped plymmouth colony, pilgrims called him a special interest of God, indian cheif showed how to plant corn, fertilize, fish and trap, acted as an interpreter

A

squanto

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26
Q

prominent leader willing to go to MA bay colony, founder and late governor of Ma bay colony, puritian

A

Winthrop

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27
Q

leader of conneticut, ct had fundamental orders in 1639: voting male land owners, did not have to be part of church

A

thomas hooker

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28
Q

loved sir walter raleigh and sir francis drake, virgin queen(VA named after her) established england as a world power and had the will to set up colonies, made england leader, of protestant states of europe

A

Queen Elizabeth I

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29
Q

believed in religious toleration, purchased land from indians, seperated church and state, founded providence, gaurenteed religious toleration to all

A

Roger Williams

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30
Q

women banned becuase of her religious beliefs, adequately defended herself in trial

A

Anne Hutchinson

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31
Q

governed Pa, religously tolerant, good relationship with indians, founded by quakers

A

William Penn

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32
Q

favorite of Queen Elizabeth, she knighted him, tried twice to start a colony of roanoke island, half brother of gilbert

A

Raleigh

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33
Q

aka sea dog, most popular privateer, first englishman to sail aroudn the world, helped with attack on the spanish armada

A

Drake

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34
Q

strong leader who saved jamestown, ruled by martial law

A

John Smith

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35
Q

leader of jamestown, married Pocahontas, set up tobacco as cash crop

A

John Rolfe

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36
Q

englands first colonial charter, failed but known as pathfinder to britishempire

A

gilbert

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37
Q

geographer, accounts were persuasive to go to new world

A

haklyut

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38
Q

founder of quebec

A

champlain

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39
Q

governor of New Amsterdam who wouldnt surrender but whose people didnt fight

A

Stuyvesant

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40
Q

set up maryland as safehaven for Catholics, when he died maryland became property of lord baltimore,

A

george calvert

41
Q

leader of georgia main leader out of 21 men, military man,

A

olgethorpe

42
Q

enligh philosopher during enlightenment, ppl have rights to gov’t if gov’t fails to protect their natural rightd

A

locke

43
Q

prime minister in england, persuaded parliament to raise taxes and borrow large sums of money to fight the war, realized british troops were fighting for a world wide empire

A

william pitt

44
Q

came up with albany plan of union and did everything: printer, inventor, scientist, politician

A

Ben Franklin

45
Q

colonial general that knew when to retreat- saved his troops, president of the constitutional convention

A

George Washington

46
Q

arrested and tried for libel, established freedom of the press

A

John Peter Zenger

47
Q

british general that won the battle of quebec

A

wolfe

48
Q

aka lord protector, ruled england after charles was beheaded

A

Cromwell

49
Q

british general that lost when the french surprised them at fort duquense

A

Braddock

50
Q

Indian leader responsible for the rebellion that led to the Proclamtion Line

A

Pontiac

51
Q

midnight ride to warn minutemen

A

Paul Revere

52
Q

killed in Boston Massacre, african American

A

zcrispus Attucks

53
Q

wrote common sense and the crisis, inspired americans to cause of freedom

A

Thomas Paine

54
Q

most active son of liberty, boston, professional rebel

A

Sam Adams

55
Q

real name mary hays, known for delivering water to troops during battle, stepped in and took her husbands place at the cannon

A

Molly Pitcher

56
Q

Author of declaration- used Paines ideas that all men have natural rights

A

Thomas Jefferson

57
Q

believed americans could unite to defeat british

A

John Adams

58
Q

british general at the battle of Princeton, lost washington t princetn, surrenders at yorktown, washington traps his troops by land and sea

A

Cornwallis

59
Q

patriot general, provided military expertise, french volunteer

A

lafeyette

60
Q

assisted british

A

Von Steuben

61
Q

volunteered to cross enemy lines for info on british positions, “i regret i have but one life…”

A

Hale

62
Q

alliance with french reflected on him, leading negotiator in paris

A

franklin

63
Q

king of england, in charge of placing all the acts

A

George III

64
Q

leader of farmer rebellion

A

Daniel Shays

65
Q

father of the constitution, arrived at the convention 11 days early, sent letters to washington in april outlining his thoughts on what should be debated, critic of democracy but favored republicanism

A

James Madison

66
Q

one of the leaders of the constitutional convention, dislikeddemocracy, conserved in principles, prasied british constitution, wanted balanced government that has elements of aristocracy and monarchy as well as republicanism

A

Alexander Hamilton

67
Q

anti-federalist, worried that a president would easily become king, from va, greatest political orator of his generation

A

patrick henry

68
Q

Located: Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Mexico
Culture: broad plazas of temples and pyramids
Discovery: own writing system, made accurate calendars, Indian corn maize becomes staple food for the world

A

Mayas

69
Q

Located: Peru
Culture: constructed palaces w high walls, connected towns w system of roads, Cuzco (capital) was a gold center (the richest)
Discovery: built terraces, canals, and aqueducts to irrigate crops, used llamas as pack animals
Had an organized gov’t system

A

Incas

70
Q

Located: Mexico, capital of Tenochtitlan
Culture: warlike, architects
Discovery: made gold into jewelry, used dogs as pack animals

A

Aztecs

71
Q

Loose friendship formed to promote peace, allies in war
Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga
1722- joined by Tuscarora
Centered in NY

A

Iroquois League

72
Q

Descendants of Anasazi

Located in Mexico

A

Pueblo Indians

73
Q

Code talkers in WW2

A

Navajos

74
Q

an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate

A

Surf

75
Q

Ancient Ones, ancestors of Pueblos, cliff dwellers

Lived in Four Corners region, their dwellings were called pueblos

A

Anasazi

76
Q

Persecuted in England, came to colonies for religious freedom
Were not religiously tolerant to others
Everyone had to go to Puritan church and pay taxes to support it
Lots of literacy to study the Bible
Very structured, well ordered, everything has a place

A

Puritan

77
Q

Aka Pilgrims, persecuted in England, started churches of their own, started Plymouth Colony
Went to Netherlands, but children were growing up Dutch
Wanted to have their own religion but be English

A

sepratists

78
Q

French Protestants

Protestants being watched by Catholics

A

Hugenots

79
Q

People of mixed Indian and Spanish descent

Means mix in Spanish

A

Mestizo

80
Q

Privately owned ships hired by a gov’t to attack others
Sir Francis Drake is the most popular one (Sea Dog)
First English to sail around the world, helped to attack on Spanish

A

privateers

81
Q

Master would pay for voyage and food in exchange for a certain amount of work

A

indentured servant

82
Q

Royal family that unified england
Henry VII, daughter is Elizabeth
She made England leader of Protestant states of Europe

A

Tudors

83
Q

Separatists who started Plymouth Colony - see those topics

A

Pilgrims

84
Q

Strict Pacifists that lived in Pennsylvania - hated violence and against slavery
No bearing of arms, men and women are spiritually equal, good relationship w Indians, rejected ceremonies and authorities - obeyed Inner Light from God

A

Quakers

85
Q

Had many roles, status was determined by men in their life, English common law governed the colonies

A

Colonial women

86
Q

Found dignity and better life, brought ideas and customs from Europe (idea that people are not equal), wealth = land, gentry

A

Colonial Society

87
Q

Became apprentices at an early age

Silversmiths, cabinet makers, tinsmiths

A

Artisans

88
Q

Created by empty land: people turned to slaves from W Indies or Africa, Became reserved for people who were not Christians (pagans), Africans were not the only people brought to America by force, By mid-1700’s, 1 in 5 people in British America were of African descent

A

Slavery

89
Q

English, blacks, Scots/Irish/Scotch-Irish, Germans, French Protestants

A

immigrants

90
Q

Association formed to to lead popular protests
Group of men who protested British laws by words and boycott
Most active member: Sam Adams
From Boston

A

Sons of Liberty

91
Q

Could be ready in a matter of minutes to fight

A

minutemen

92
Q

Colonists who remained loyal to Britain

A

loyalists

93
Q

Hired as soldiers by British

A

Hessains

94
Q

Also known as a Patriot

Against Britain and the taxes

A

tories

95
Q

Another name for the Hessians

A

mecercenaries

96
Q

Critics of the constitution
Denounced it as a retreat from liberty won by the revolution
Disliked the lack of a bill of rights that would provide basic liberties protecting people from power of the government
Said the constitution increased power of central government and provided more elitist government by concentrating power in few people at a distance from most voters
Believed liberty could not survive unless federal government is weak
Might lose liabilities –far away
Losing ground from revolution
Want states to have power
Afraid of rich people
Get credit for bill of rights
Strict interpretation of constitution

A

anti federalists

97
Q

Favored ratification of constitution
Included George Washington, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton
Stressed weakness of Articles
Argued that new government based in the proposed constitution could overcome difficulties facing the new nation
Need strong federal government
Expand commerce
Broad interpretation of constitution

A

federalists

98
Q

Someone who is loyal to their nation

A

nationalists

American (11 decks)

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