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AP Psychology 8th > Unit 7 Memory > Flashcards

Unit 7 Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Memory

A

The solution to something you have tried to learn for a long time.

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2
Q

Recall

A

Trying to remember something you have learned about a long time ago with no extra information. (ex: Short answer questions or FRQS)

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3
Q

recognition

A

Picking out an answer with choices right in front of you. (ex: MC)

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4
Q

Encoding

A

Getting info into our brain (sounds of people talking)

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5
Q

storage

A

Remembering the information that is given (ex: math facts)

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6
Q

Retrieval

A

Pushing the information back out (ex: images, events)

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7
Q

Parallel processing

A

Process much of the brain and helps make the brain function

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8
Q

Sensory memory

A

Quick snap of SENSORY info

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9
Q

Iconic

A

Is a visual representation of memory only for ¼ of a second

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10
Q

Echoic

A

Is an auditory representation of memory only for 3-4 seconds

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11
Q

Short-term memory

A

Can remember stuff from 20 seconds ago without any practice.

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12
Q

Long-term memory

A

Has knowledge, skills, and experiences with limited amount of memory but remembers the largest amount of information.

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13
Q

Semantic memory

A

Memory that is made up of true statements, basic knowledge. Ignore details find general information make connections

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14
Q

Episodic memory

A

Memory that is from personal events sometimes a little emotional. (ex: first day of Kindergarten)

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15
Q

Procedural memory

A

Do not have to think much, long term memory when stories happen (ex: writing your name)

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16
Q

Working memory

A

Like short term memory but adds consciousness and adds auditory and visual appeals with info gained from long term to be used during the short term memory

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17
Q

Explicit memory (declarative)

A

Something you want to remember and was push through your mind for some reason (ex: time to meet with someone)

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18
Q

Implicit memory (nondeclarative)

A

Something that you do not want to remember, but you do anyway (ex: falling).

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19
Q

Automatic processing

A

Unconscious info you think about (ex: time, chopping, etc.

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20
Q

Effortful processing

A

Conscious info you think about (ex: new math problem).

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21
Q

Chunking

A

Putting info into smaller chunks so it could make more sense (ex: grocery shopping list)

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22
Q

Mnemonics

A

Helps improve memory by making connections to make little sayings (Ex: acronyms).

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23
Q

Spacing effect

A

Distributing enough time in each of the different areas

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24
Q

Testing effect

A

Rather than just reading, reading, reading, you ask questions, find answers etc.

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25
Q

Deep Processing

A

Based on the meaning of words tends to be the best option

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26
Q

Shallow processing

A

Encoding on a simple level based on what the words look like.

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27
Q

Memory consolidation

A

is an neural amount from long term memory

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28
Q

Hippocampus

A

Is a neutral center in the limbic system, it processes explicit (conscious) memories and facts.

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29
Q

Flashbulb memory

A

Very emotional, just shocking do not want to do. (ex 3/13)

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30
Q

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

A

Increase makes communication with neurons easier for an equal balance between learning and memory.

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31
Q

Priming

A

Helpful Clues that retrieve memories can happen while Conscious or unconscious. Can be visual, you can smell it, hear it and even taste it.

32
Q

Encoding specificity principle

A

Clues that sometimes bring up a certain memory most of the time are very helpful.

33
Q

Context dependent memory

A

Or better known as the environment in which the information learned is recalled at the same location.

34
Q

State-dependent memory

A

Most of the time gets better results when you are high, drunk, etc if you do it again in that same STATE

35
Q

Mood-congruent memory

A

Has a constant strain of memories in that mood so if you are happy you will keep having happy memories, and etc.

36
Q

Serial position effect

A

Most of the first part of the list and last but not the middle.

37
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Can not remember or learn new information

38
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Can not remember things from the past.

39
Q

Proactive interference

A

New information is interfered with by old information, ex: gym locks can rem fresh lock but not new lock

40
Q

Retroactive interference

A

Old Information is interfered with by new information can rem new lock but not fresh lock

41
Q

Repression

A

Unpleasant thoughts are pushed through the unconscious mind and thought about (Ex: abuse).

42
Q

Reconsolidation

A

Your memory of the event is not based on when it happened but in reality, the last time you told it.

43
Q

Misinformation effect

A

Happens when you see something bad, and messes with your mind thinking it is something else (ex: stop sign is actually a yield sign).

44
Q

Source amnesia

A

Most of the is correct except but May get the person wrong who told you (ex: tea spilling but say the wrong person who told you).

45
Q

Déjà vu

A

Has felt you have experienced something like this before May bring up something from the past.

46
Q

Cognition

A

Mental parts when it comes to thinking, knowing, remembering, and talking.

47
Q

Concept

A

A group in your mind that might have identical objects, events, ideas, or people.

48
Q

Prototype

A

A image in your mind that something similar between them (ex: crow is a bird, but not everyone thinks of a penguin is a bird).

49
Q

Creativity

A

Can think and make new thoughts.

50
Q

Convergent thinking

A

Coming down to one single best answer (ex: SAT, AP Psych MC exam).

51
Q

Divergent thinking

A

Can have many right answers and thinks of things at a different angle (ex: freewriting).

52
Q

Algorithm

A

Better known as a formula that solves a problem

53
Q

heuristic

A

Rules of thumb, work through the problem not a right answer

54
Q

Insight

A

Finding a solution to a problem that is different than you thought.

55
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Things get in the way of making a choice, sometimes doesn’t want to listen to someone with opposite views

56
Q

Fixation/functional fixedness

A

To find a different use for a object with a different object

57
Q

Mental set

A

to respond to a different problem, but tries using the same thing the first time

58
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

Thinks something which is not as bad as it seems

59
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Thinks something about the future and relies on different examples

60
Q

Over confidence

A

Tries to be more confident than to be right

61
Q

Belief perseverance

A

till believes something even after someone told you facts

ex: poltics

62
Q

Framing

A

Asking a question so someone can get an answer they want out of someone.

63
Q

Language

A

is spoken, written, or can be signed words and put them together to make something.

64
Q

Phoneme

A

part of the language that is the smallest sound part.

65
Q

morpheme

A

part of the language that has a meaning, can be a word or part of a word. (Ex: prefix).

66
Q

Grammar

A

part of the language that has rules that has us talk to people. Also syntax is a set of rules.

67
Q

Babbling stage

A

Starts around 4 months they utter words normally and sounds other than what is in the house.

68
Q

One-word stage

A

1-2 year olds in which the speech people speak in one word (ex: juice).

69
Q

two-word stages

A

2 year olds the stage which you speak in 2 words. (ex: want juice)

70
Q

Telegraphic speech

A

A child speaks in telegram (ex: want juice now)

71
Q

Aphasia

A

Damage by the left side, broncos, werenike’s sides.

72
Q

Broca’s area

A

Is damaged speaking is found in the left hemisphere.

73
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Is damaged understanding involves language.

74
Q

orf’s linguistic determinism

A

: Language controls what we believe and how the world Believes.

75
Q

Linguistic influence

A

Weaker part that the idea affects our language and our world.

AP Psychology 8th (5 decks)

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