Unit 2 Research Methods

Question 1

Hindsight bias

Answer 1

Thought you knew it all along and believed what happened was a good choice. (ex: breakups, taking the QB out had a positive outcome or negative outcome).

Question 2

Theory

Answer 2

Explains using a set to show observations with predictions of behaviors or events.

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

Predicting what will happen from a scientific study

Question 4

Operational definition

Answer 4

Let’s someone know what positive or negative happened

Question 5

Replication

Answer 5

Doing the same thing over and over again to try to get the same results.

Question 6

Case study

Answer 6

A Study to find something you want pros: can have a common interest cons: can have no common interest

Question 7

Naturalistic observation

Answer 7

seeing objects in their environment pros: not in a lab and get a first hand account cons: can be subjective and no controls.

Question 8

Survey

Answer 8

Get information from how someone behaves, attitudes, opinions, and beliefs Pros:Quick number of responses, quick to test. A random sample from the population (ex: prom) Random selection: Equal chance of being selected to be involved Cons: can have a lot of bias Social desirability bias: Answer questions to make yourself in favor Must be careful when wording questions

Question 9

Sampling bias

Answer 9

Not the best sampling and produces off results

Question 10

Population

Answer 10

Everyone that is being studied in the study

Question 11

Random sample

Answer 11

Everyone in the population gets a fair stay

Question 12

Correlation

Answer 12

A relationship between two variables, of which one variable is different which does not affect the one.

Question 13

correlation coefficient

Answer 13

A stat index between 2 things from -1.00 to 1.00

Question 14

Variable

Answer 14

Anything that can be measured

Question 15

Scatterplot

Answer 15

:In a positive correlation, both will increase. Ex: Studying and test grades (more studying = higher test scores AND less studying = lower test scores).In a negative correlation, one will increase and one will decrease. Ex: Exercise amount and chance of heart attack (more exercise = less chance of heart attack AND less exercise = higher chance of heart attack) and years you have owned car and the value of a car (owned for longer = worthless AND owned for shorter = worth more)In zero correlations, there is no effect on the variables. Ex: nail polish color and intelligence negative correlation will have a negative coefficient and a positive correlation will have a positive coefficient. The closer to -1 or +1 it is, the stronger the correlation is. Ex: Strong positive correlation = 0.9, weak positive correlation = 0.1, strong negative correlation = -0.9, and weak negative correlation = -0.1.

Question 16

Illusory correlation

Answer 16

When there is common interest where there is nothing or has a stronger feel (ex: full moon).

Question 17

Regression toward the mean

Answer 17

Most of the time very strange scores or results that are less than avg (ex: Slot Machines).

Question 18

Experiment

Answer 18

The researcher controls everything that happens such as the conduction like a cause & effect

Question 19

Experimental group

Answer 19

is exposed to the Independent variable

Question 20

control group

Answer 20

Is not exposed to the independent variable.

Question 21

Random assignment

Answer 21

Equal fair chance to be picked

Question 22

Double-blind procedure

Answer 22

Nobody Knows who’s in control

Question 23

Placebo effect

Answer 23

Response to changes in the brain, makes up responses to the indep var

Question 24

Independent variable

Answer 24

Is what someone gets to control (ex: sauce)

Question 25

Dependent variable

Answer 25

Is the outcome of what happens (ex: thirst).

Question 26

Confounding variable

Answer 26

A factor that is different that is being studied that might impact the results of the study.

Question 27

Validity

Answer 27

A test that can predict what might happen.

Question 28

Ethical guidelines

Answer 28

informed consent, debriefing, get to leave, keep the people confidential

Question 29

Descriptive statistics

Answer 29

Data with numbers, to measure and explain groups.

Question 30

histogram

Answer 30

Converting the data into a graph

Question 31

mode

Answer 31

Number that appears the most

Question 32

Mean

Answer 32

Add all the scores and divide by the number of scores.

Question 33

median

Answer 33

Middle number and if even amount/2

Question 34

Range

Answer 34

Difference between the highest and lowest scores

Question 35

standard deviation

Answer 35

The avg difference between all the scores

Question 36

Normal distribution/normal curve

Answer 36

Bell shaped curve showing a spread through a population

Question 37

Skewed distributions

Answer 37

Scores that are all around the avg amount

Question 38

Inferential statistics

Answer 38

Data that can generate to infer data is common between everything.

Question 39

Statistical significance/significant difference

Answer 39

A stat statement of how likely something is by chance