Unit 7 LEQ

Question 1

Prompt 1 thesis

Answer 1

In the twentieth century, nationalism fueled the Indian Independence Movement, and was perpetuated by radicalization, strong leaders, and forms of protest.

Question 2

Prompt 1 evidence (6)

Answer 2

Anti-colonial sentiments began emerging
1858: the British Raj was established
1885: The Indian National Congress formed (first modern nationalist movement in the British Empire)
1919: The Armritsar massacre (peaceful protest disturbed by British soldiers, killed 379 people

Mohandas Gandhi was notorious for being the face of the Satyagraha (devotion to truth) movement and boycotting
Led boycotts, Gandhi wore cotton dhoti
1930: Led the salt march

Other movements
Gandhi had a hunger strike that lasted 3 weeks, and had 17 other hunger strikes during 1913-1948
1942: the Quit India Movement (demand for Indian independence and British withdrawl)

Question 3

Prompt 2 thesis

Answer 3

In the period 1900-2001, challenges to the political order resulted in regional military conflicts in East Asia, India, and Russia

Question 4

Prompt 2 evidence (7)

Answer 4

In East Asia, several countries resisted Japanese occupation, resulting in protests
1919: The March First Movement (2 million Koreans protested, around 7,000 killed)
1919: The May Fourth Movement (Chinese people were protesting and rejecting Western style government)

In 1947, India gained independence, which lead to the partition of Pakistan
Resulted in 500,000-2 million deaths
Originally India was mixed with the Hindus and Muslims, but the partition separated them with borders

In Russia, the working class (Bolsheviks) rose to power and began a communist government
1905: Bloody Sunday (working class had a peaceful march asking for better conditions, 1,000 killed)
1905: The Revolution of 1905 (40,000 workers striked)
1917: The Bolshevik Revolution (abolition of monarchy)

Question 5

Prompt 3 thesis

Answer 5

In the twentieth century, the Russian government responded to various economic crises by establishing policies that were supposed to support industrialization and communism

Question 6

Prompt 3 evidence (5)

Answer 6

After the Russian Civil War (1918-1921), Vladimir Lenin imposed policies meant to revert from communist economic policies.
1921: the New Economic Plan (private trade, free market under state control)
A response to the Kronstadt Rebellion (civilian uprising against the Bolsheviks, anti-communist)

In Russia, Joseph Stalin created an economic plan meant to turn the Union of Soviey Socialist Republics (USSR) to an industrial power
1928: The First Five Year Plan (meant to match the agriculture of the West)
Kolkhoz (collective agriculture)
Kulaks (farmers)
1932: The Second 5 Year Plan

Question 7

Prompt 4 thesis

Answer 7

In the period 1900-2001, nationalism changed the political order in Mexico, India, and Russia. These changes resulted in dramatic shifts of sovereignty and government.

Question 8

Prompt 4 evidence (7)

Answer 8

In India, the emerge of nationalism began as soon as 1885, with the founding of the Indian National Congress
1930: The Salt March
1932: Hunger strikes for Dalit equality
1942: the Quit India movement
1947: Indian independence and partition

Though Mexico was an independent state in the 20th century, Porfirio Diaz was a dictator. He allowed the US to invest in Mexican land and establish businesses there. 97% of the land was owned by foreigners, while 1% was owned by Mexican peasants
1910: start of the Mexican Revolution
Emiliano Zapata redistributed land to peasants
1917: established a new constitution (land distribution, universal suffrage, public education)