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APUSH > Unit 7 Key Terms > Flashcards

Unit 7 Key Terms Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Hegemony

A
  • An established nation’s authority and influence over other nations, usually as a result of an economic or military advantage.
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2
Q

Alfred Thayer Mahan

A
  • An American naval officer and writer who wrote two novels called “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History”
  • Stated that naval power was essential to a nation’s political and commercial success
  • Believed we should expand to the Pacific, Hawaii, and The Caribbean
  • Created the idea of a canal connecting the Pacific and Atlantic, grew to become the Panama Canal
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3
Q

“The White Man’s Burden”

A

1899
* A poem written by Roger Kipling, saying that Americans should “help” weaker nations and exert influence on them

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4
Q

James Dole, Hawaiian Pineapples

A

1899
* 5/6 farmers went from the United States to Hawaii and found the soil was perfect for sugar cane and a new plant, that being pineapple.
* Farmer James Dole became the “pineapple king” by getting Hawaiians to work for him
* Dole convinced the US Gov to overthrow Hawaii’s monarchy and establish a military base for economic interests

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5
Q

William Henry Seward

A

1861-1869
* The secretary of state who argued for the US to have a presence in the Caribbean, arguing it would help the US economy
* Helped with the purchase of Alaska for oil and more territory

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6
Q

James Blaine

A

1881, 1889-1892
* The secretary of state who looked to refine the Monroe Doctrine to create the Pan-American Union in 1890
* Created an alliance with most of North, Central, and South America so the US could benefit economically and exert influence

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7
Q

José Martí

A
  • A Cuban poet who advocated heavily for Cubans to rebel against the Spanish and become independent
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8
Q

Cuban War of Independence

A

1895-1898
* Cuba attempted to gain its independence against Spain, using guerilla warfare
* The Spanish put Cubans into re-concentration camps with limited resources to get them to give up
* American journalists jumped on the story, giving hyperbole reports to get a reaction

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9
Q

The Teller Amendment

A

1898
* When the US began assisting Cuba, they wrote this to say the war was to liberate Cuba, not to govern it
* The US violated this treaty multiple times later on

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10
Q

Spanish-American War

A

1898
* The US sent ships to Cuba to intimidate Spain, the USS Maine exploded due to a fault in the ship
* Spain refused to take the blame for the attack, so the US declared war against Spain in their territories
* Attacked Puerto Rico and the Philippines when Spain was busy in Cuba
* Theodore Roosevelt became a national hero after he led the Rough Riders, using the momentum to become president

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11
Q

Treaty of Paris (Spanish-American)

A

1898
* Granted Cuba independence from Spain, while Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines went under US control
* US treatment led to the Filipino War, where the US treated them like the Spanish treated Cuba

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12
Q

Platt Amendment

A

1903
* Made the US Cuba’s main ally by blocking them from signing treaties without permission
* Gave the US Guantanamo Bay

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13
Q

Panama Canal

A

1904-1914
* The French attempted to build the canal, but the project took too much money
* The US intimidated Columbia into giving Panama independence and letting them build the canal
* France + Panama were paid millions to let the US take on the project, and completed it in 10 years.
* In 1977, President Jimmy Carter gave the Panama government control of the Panama Canal, much to the dismay of US economists

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14
Q

Progressivism

A
  • A reform movement in reaction to heavy immigration and industrialization
  • Looked at improving living, working, education, corruption rates, and women’s suffrage
  • Challenged traditional attitudes, mainly WASPs who led progressivism
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15
Q

Social Gospel Movement

A
  • A movement to use Christian principles and ethics to resolve social issues
  • Believed “cleaning” the streets and ridding society of evil meant Jesus would return
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16
Q

Muckrakers

A
  • Journalists, photographers, authors, etc., who exposed corruption and social issues to the public
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17
Q

Magazines

A
  • Magazines like McClure’s and Cosmopolitan began as platforms for muckrakers and grew in popularity during the Progressive Era
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18
Q

Upton Sinclair, “The Jungle”

A
  • A muckraker known for exposing conditions for immigrants and factories
  • Wrote The Jungle in 1905, exposing the disgusting conditions of meat-packing factories
  • The Jungle was so popular President Roosevelt passed the Meat Inspection Act, which evolved into the FDA
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19
Q

Jane Addams

A
  • A WASP who grew up rich and wanted to give back to the community, especially to the poor/immigrants
  • Built the Hull House, which taught people important life skills and acted as a daycare for kids
  • Had major effects on the employment for women and for educational institutes similar to rise up
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20
Q

Margaret Sanger

A
  • A WASP and former nurse who taught young people how not to get pregnant to prevent deaths from bad abortions
  • Her pamphlets drove her out of the country, but she established the National Birth Control League, which evolved into Planned Parenthood
  • Was controversial for supporting eugenics, saying the “unfit” should not procreate
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21
Q

Mann Act

A

1910
* Made prostitution illegal to “clean the streets” for the social gospel movement

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22
Q

Banning of Alcohol

A
  • The 18th Amendment was passed in 1919 which made all non-medical/religious production of alcohol illegal
  • People began making illegal booze and created speakeasies to get alcohol
  • Cops were often bribed to not report the alcohol, which was a time of lots of corruption
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23
Q

Creation of NASCAR

A
  • Alcohol would often be smuggled in the middle of the night, with smugglers racing to deliver alcohol as if it were a game
  • This competitive racing would soon evolve to become NASCAR
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24
Q

National Child Labor Committee

A

1904
* A committee founded to advocate for kids not to work in factories, arguing it was very harmful to their health.

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25
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A
  • Known as the 1st modern president
  • Introduced press conferences to connect with the public
  • Was the first president to travel internationally while in office
  • Believed in using a calm voice and a strong military
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26
Q

Roosevelt Corollary

A

1904
* Stated that the United States would intervene to fix “wrongdoings” in Latin America
* The definition of “wrongdoings” was vague and up to congress

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27
Q

Great White Fleet

A

1907
* A fleet of the USA’s biggest navy ships that traveled the world to show off their military

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28
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

1899-1901
* The USA was overproducing goods and traded with China, but a group of the Chinese known as “Boxers” were unhappy about foreigners
* The Boxers began attacking US merchants, which led to Roosevelt getting the US military involved
* Showed that the US was willing to exert power in foreign domestic affairs

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29
Q

Roosevelt’s Consumer Protection

A
  • Roosevelt planned to use the federal government to inspect and fix businesses
  • Passed the Meat Inspection and the Food & Drug Acts to make sure food was of good quality
  • Passed the Elkin and Hepburn Acts to prevent corporations from becoming “bad” trusts
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30
Q

Bureau of Forestry

A

1905
* Preserves millions of acres of US land to be used for recreation and to preserve the beauty of the land

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31
Q

William Howard Taft

A
  • Focused on “trust busting,” with one of the major targets being Rockefeller’s oil monopoly
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32
Q

Dollar Diplomacy

A
  • Created by Taft to ensure financial stability while protecting US interests
  • Lined the pockets of American corporations and got them to invest in Latin America, growing the US economy
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33
Q

1912 Election

A
  • Roosevelt disapproved of Taft’s actions while he was president and asked to be the Republican candidate, but Taft was chosen instead
  • Woodrow Wilson ran as the democratic candidate with support from William Jennings Bryan
  • Roosevelt ran in the progressive part, which was a mirror of the Republican party but more progressive
  • Eugene V. Debbs ran in the socialist party and advocated for full government control.
  • Wilson won the election with 42% of the popular vote, another non-majority
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34
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A
  • Was infamously racist, segregated Congress, and supported eugenics
  • Had a foreign policy of moral diplomacy (support democratic governments, ignore non-democratic)
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35
Q

Underwood Simmons Tariff

A

1913
* Lowered the tariff to promote national trade, was the first time it was lowered in around 100 years

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36
Q

Federal Trade Commission Act

A

1914
* Created the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to regulate the circulation of money

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37
Q

Wilson’s Support of the Working Class

A
  • Passed The Adamson Act, The Workman’s Compensation Act, and Child Labor Acts to support the working class
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38
Q

16th Amendment

A

1913
* Created a federal income tax without having to determine it by census

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39
Q

17th Amendment

A

1913
* Instead of being chosen by the state legislature, citizens now voted for their senators

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40
Q

18th Amendment

A

1919
* Prohibited the production of alcohol, which was impossible to regulate and led to organized crime

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41
Q

19th Amendment

A

1919
* Gave white women the right to vote, meaning only black women couldn’t vote

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42
Q

Woodrow Wilson’s Stroke, Edith Wilson

A
  • Woodrow Wilson had a stroke which left him paralyzed and unable to act, so his wife, Edith Wilson, filled in for him
  • Edith went to conferences and made decisions as if Wilson was making those decisions.
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43
Q

The “Lost” Generation

A
  • The generation that fought in the World Wars, known as “Lost” because of war casualties
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44
Q

WW1 Causes: Imperialism, Industrialism and Capitalism

A
  • As countries began to industrialize, many wanted to expand to get resources they didn’t have and find more markets
  • Africa was a major target, getting split up by Europe and Cecil Rhodes
  • War is very good for the economy and factories, as production skyrockets
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45
Q

WW1 Causes: Militarism

A
  • As Europe carved up Africa, their militaries expanded to stop peasant uprisings and protect their territory
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46
Q

WW1 Causes: Nationalism

A
  • Many people began creating a national identity that supported their nation’s interests at the expense of others
  • Austro-Hungary had many minority groups which wanted to separate and become their territory
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47
Q

WW1 Causes: Entangled Alliance Systems

A
  • European countries realized with the right alliances, they could stay safe during the war
  • Serbia allied with Russia, France, Britain, and eventually the USA
  • Austro-Hungary was allied with Germany
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48
Q

Assassination of Archduke Franz Fernidand

A

1914
* Archduke Franz Ferdinand, leader of Austro-Hungary, planned to drive around the country, even though many minorities hated him
* The Black Hand was a group of 7 students who planned to kill the Archduke, Gavril Prinzip was ultimately successful
* The serial numbers were traced back to Serbia, and Austro-Hungary wanted them to take the blame for the attacks

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49
Q

Blank Checks/Carte Blanche

A
  • Used to refer to a diplomatic commitment without specific terms or conditions
  • In WW1, usually refers to the entangled alliance systems.
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50
Q

July Crisis

A

1914
* Serbia calls on Russia as an ally, Austro-Hungary responds by calling on Germany
* Russia and Germany both state they will let the two resolve it peacefully, but will get involved if things get ugly

51
Q

Guns of August

A

1914
* The first official month of warfare in WW1, where a series of diplomatic and militaristic events unfolded making it clear this was a full-fledged war
* Originally believed to be a short and quick war, but after thousands died in mere days, people realized this would be a long war

52
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A
  • Germany planned to invade France by storming through Belgium
  • Britain said if Germany invaded Belgium, the Brits were joining war
  • Germany persisted, so the Brits entered WW1
53
Q

Trench Warfare

A
  • After mass casualties in the first few days, people began trench warfare
  • Soldiers dug out trenches and stayed there, with a space in between known as “no man’s land”
  • Trenched were often dirty and psychologically tormenting, not knowing when enemies were going to charge
54
Q

Chemical Warfare

A
  • The French began using tear gas on the Germans, so the Germans began to perfect the use of chemical warfare
  • The Germans created Mustard Gas, which was odorless and colorless, with most not knowing they were poisoned until it was too late
  • Mustard Gas led to the invention of gas masks, which became a staple item for many soldiers.
55
Q

The Dreadnaught

A
  • A British ship that was the first of its kind, was run on fuel and had wireless technology before anybody else discovered it
56
Q

U-boats, Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A
  • Germans created submarines known as U-boats which could hide and attack underwater
  • Germans used unrestricted submarine warfare by attacking any suspicious ship because the British weren’t playing fairly
57
Q

Declaration of London

A

1909
* Declared that neutral countries in wars could trade with whoever they wanted
* The USA began trading with both sides, but the Brits began to seize American ships and take anything they thought was “suspicious”
* The Germans called it unfair that the USA wasn’t doing anything about the seizing, believed they were taking sides

58
Q

The Lusitania

A

1915
* A British passenger ship carrying citizens from the USA and Britain
* The ship was sunk by the Germans because they thought there were weapons on board (there were)

59
Q

The Sussex, The Sussex Pledge

A

1916
* A French passenger ship which Germans sank because they suspected there were weapons on board
* The British and USA forced Germany to sign the Sussex pledge to stop sinking civillian ships

60
Q

Zimmerman Note

A

1917
* A German telegram meant to be received by the German representative for Mexico
* Called for Mexico to attack the USA, said Germany would get them their land back
* The telegram was intercepted by the MI5 and decoded, leading to Woodrow Wilson & his cabinet declaring war on the US

61
Q

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

A

1921
* Created by the US to give Americans information on the war daily, led by muckraker George Creel

62
Q

US Propaganda in WW1

A
  • The US relied on propaganda to convince the people to go to war
  • Displayed Germans as brutal enemies who needed to be dealt with, used Uncle Sam to convince people to act
63
Q

Military Funding in WW1

A
  • People were asked to donate bonds to the war effort, believing they would make money back
  • Most factories shifted to similar goods that would help workers out, creating lots of jobs
64
Q

Espionage Act

A

1917
* Made it very clear that giving out information that would harm the US/help enemies of the US was illegal, and carried heavy punishments.

65
Q

Sedition Act

A

1918
* Extended the espionage act by making it illegal to use abusive language regarding the United States, the flag, or the US military.

66
Q

Selective Service Act/Selective Draft Act

A

1917
* This act required all men from ages 21-45 to register for military service and possibly be drafted to fight in wars
* Not very relevant in WW1 (enough people signed up on their own) but very relevant in later wars

67
Q

Military Training during WW2

A
  • American troops got extensive training before going to Europe, something most European soldiers didn’t do.
  • Troops were taught with progressive principles, being taught about things like proper hygiene and US history
68
Q

Racial Segregation in the Military

A
  • Because Woodrow Wilson was a racist, the military was split up by race, with non-white soldiers usually not fighting and working jobs like cooking or grave-digging
  • Native Americans joined the military in the hopes that they would become citizens, but they weren’t until the 1950s
69
Q

Women in the Military

A
  • Women were rarely soldiers but worked in services like nursing, operating calls, and translating
70
Q

Bolshevik Revolution/Russia leaves WW1

A

1917
* Most Russians were upset with Tsar Nicholas II for fighting in WW1 while the country suffered in poverty
* Russians wanted to leave the war and began rising, led by Vladamir Lenin
* Lenin led the Bolshevik Party, saying he would leave WW1 and make resources like land and food available to everyone
* Lenin ends up in power through a very bloody coup and leaves WW1, forfeiting a lot of land

71
Q

Americans enter Europe (WW1)

A

May 1918
* The US began sending troops to fight, giving Europe a second wind to defeat Germany
* The war officially ended on November 11, 1918, which became Veteran’s Day

72
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

1919
* Britain, Italy, France, and the USA meet up at the Paris Peace Conference to create a treaty (Germany was not allowed to attend)
* Woodrow Wilson argued for no punishment, but everyone else disagreed
* Germany lost all of its African colonies, lost a lot of its land, had their government replaced with the Weimar Republic, and had to take full responsibility by paying all the war debts.
* This treaty is the long-term cause for WW1

73
Q

Wilson’s 14 Points

A

1918
* Woodrow Wilson proposed a 14-step plan for world peace, which included naval freedom, peace without suffering and/or victory, and self-determination

74
Q

The League of Nations

A

1920
* Woodrow Wilson proposed the idea of a League of Nations to prevent further wars
* Congress didn’t allow Wilson to join because it likely meant the US would have to give out lots of foreign aid.

75
Q

The Red Scare

A

1919 & 1920
* When Russia became the communist USSR, people in America began to panic over the possibility of something similar happening in the US.

76
Q

USA as a World Power (WW1)

A
  • The USA, along with most countries, decided to focus on domestic policy, entering a period of semi-isolationism
  • The USA grew in most categories unlike most larger countries, becoming a world power
77
Q

The Short Recession

A

1920s
* The economy was declining after the war, leading to a short recession and layoffs
* An overextension of more than just credit led to a big drop in the stock market and corporate profits
* Overproduction led to many markets being flooded with goods, leading everyone to make less money

78
Q

Consumer Culture/Consumerism

A
  • Lots of unneeded goods began being produced after the war and people had money to spend
  • Many companies targeted women at home by saying their product would make their lives easier
79
Q

Mass Culture

A
  • Defined as a set of ideas developed from a common exposure to media
  • Had its upsides but also could be dangerous because it gave a standard for how people should look/act that often wasn’t right
80
Q

Radio

A
  • A major development for home entertainment, helped create a mass culture, communicate with people worldwide, and influence them to buy products or vote a certain way
81
Q

Movies after WW1

A
  • Because people had time to themselves, they began to go to theaters and watch movies, with people like Charlie Chaplin becoming famous for their films.
82
Q

Sports after WW1

A
  • Sports began to rise as a form of entertainment, with athletes like Jack Dempsey in boxing and Babe Ruth in baseball
83
Q

Republican Presidents in the 1920s-30s

A
  • 3 Republican presidents, Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover, were president during this time
  • All three were very hands-off regarding business, unlike Roosevelt who busted trusts
84
Q

Oligopolies

A
  • Different from monopolies, now several corporations control a market rather than just one
85
Q

Union-Related Contracts

A
  • Union contracts require all workers to join a union
  • Open-shop contracts make joining a union optional
  • Yellow dog contracts made unionizing a firable offense
  • Most companies with yellow dog contracts had other benefits to entice workers
86
Q

Welfare Capitalism

A
  • Capitalism involving social welfare to employees in the form of insurance, free food, etc.
  • Was used to entice people to work for companies by outlining all these benefits
87
Q

Growth of Suburbs

A
  • More towns and cities began to grow, so suburbs began to grow on the brink of cities as a cozy place for people to live
88
Q

The Great Migration

A

1910s-1970s
* Because of heavy racial discrimination, many black people moved from the South to the North, bringing their culture with them

89
Q

The Harlem Renaissance

A

1920s
* A cultural revival of African American music, art, and literature beginning in the Harlem region of New York after the Great Migration
* Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes helped popularize African American literature, Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong helped popularize jazz

90
Q

Marcus Garvey, UNIA

A
  • Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican activist who founded the Universal UNIA in 1914
  • The UNIA promoted racial unity among African Americans to improve each other’s lives but led to another flare of the KKK
  • Tried to get people to move to Liberia and develop further, but didn’t get enough attention
91
Q

Speakeasies

A
  • Bars in the back of restaurants where alcohol was sold illegally
  • Kept out of trouble by either bribing the police or getting organized crime to take care of them
92
Q

Flappers

A
  • Women who rebelled against gender norms by dressing androgynously and leading a sexual revolution
  • Young people would go to “petting parties” where they would snuggle and pet each other (yes, it’s as weird as it sounds)
  • Flappers were portrayed as preying on “defenseless” men who were being “corrupted”
93
Q

The Scopes Monkey Trial

A

1925
* John Scopes was charged with teaching the theory of evolution in Tennesee when it was illegal
* The trial was broadcast nationally, and even though Scopes lost, people still began to look forward and begin doubting things, a form of liberalism

94
Q

Kellog-Briand Pact

A

1928
* A pact signed by 15 nations who said they would not use war as national policy, prioritizing democracy
* The pact was very weak and didn’t work, as seen by WW2

95
Q

The Dawes/Young Plan

A

1924
* Europe didn’t have the economic growth the USA did after WW1, their trade declined and the gold standard was dropped
* Germany couldn’t pay back Europe, so Europe couldn’t pay off the USA
* The US decided to give Germany a loan for billions of dollars to help stimulate their economy so they could pay them back
* Allowed Europe to begin recovering their economy, but the US didn’t get fully repaid, leading to the Great Depression (Long-Term Cause)

96
Q

Short-Term Causes of The Great Depression

A
  • Overextension of credit leads to more debt for US citizens, and banks began shutting down due to not being repaid, the government kept them up at the expense of Americans
  • Because Europe’s economy was declining, international trade declined, hurting the US economy
  • The stock market was unregulated, so lots of insider trading meant people traded unfairly
  • Oligopolies kept their prices inflated and dominated the market, along with an uneven distribution of wealth
97
Q

Black Tuesday and Black Thursday

A

1929
* The media began reporting to sell stocks because the stock market would crash, so the market crashed because everyone sold their stocks

98
Q

Gender Roles in the Great Depression

A
  • As men lost their jobs, they felt like they lost their masculinity, leading to an increase in domestic abuse
  • Women began entering the workforce because they could be paid less, but they still had to take care of the kids and the man at home
99
Q

Families in the Great Depression

A
  • Divorces decreased because they cost too much money and families needed each other to survive
  • Parents (especially fathers) began to abandon their children more, leading to a sharp rise in orphans
100
Q

Hoovervilles, Hooverville Culture

A
  • Towns made of shoddy metal grew near industrial sectors called Hoovervilles to mock President Hoover
  • There were “Hoover Wagons” (wagons drawn by animals), “Hoover Blankets” (Newspapers), and “Hoover Pants” (Pants with pockets out)
  • Hoover didn’t help his case bc he was a social Darwinist, said the government shouldn’t intervene and they should survive via the power of friendship
101
Q

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Becomes President

A

1932
* People wanted a president who’d do something, FDR promised three things: relief, recovery, and reform
* The Democratic party we know today began with FDR, creating deals to help the people such as the 1st and 2nd New Deals
* FDR met with congress every day for the first 100 days, which is why the first 100 days are so important for presidents

102
Q

Emergency Banking Act

A

1933
* Banks were temporarily shut down to inspect which ones were financially stable
* Got passed one day into his presidency

103
Q

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

A

1933
* Passed by FDR, protected deposits and repaid people when banks shut down to give the American public more faith to put money in banks

104
Q

Alphabet Soup/Alphabet Agencies

A
  • The name given to all the new agencies created by FDR’s new deals
105
Q

Dust Bowl

A

1930-1936
* A major drought in the US characterized by dust clouds that swarmed the US and killed crops
* Led to a major economic downturn that the entire world felt

106
Q

Securities and Exchange Commission

A

1934
* Made sure stock trading was fair and legal to get people to re-invest their money and rebuild the stock market

107
Q

FDR Repeals the 18th Amendment`

A

1933
* FDR repealed the 18th Amendment to lower crime caused by alcohol, encourage people to stimulate the economy, and create more jobs

108
Q

Social Security Act

A

1935
* Granted financial assistance to the retired, the unemployed, and the disabled

109
Q

FDR Gets Re-Elected, 2nd New Deal

A

1936
* FDR was re-elected because his acts were kind of working and people wanted someone who could deal with Hitler
* The 2nd New Deal was created to continue to expand the power of the federal government and create more helpful agencies

110
Q

Court-Packing Plan

A

1937
* Parts of the 2nd New Deal were not getting passed because the Supreme Court was deeming them unconstitutional
* FDR tried to “Pack the Courts” by assigning six new justices, one for each judge above 70 who served for over 10 years
* The plan was obviously rejected because it was a crazy plea for power

111
Q

Hitler Gains Control of Europe

A

1939-1940
* Hitler rose to power and became a massive threat
* Other nations tried using appeasement to keep Hitler at bay, but Hitler became too powerful and took most of Europe
* Hitler is now fully fighting Great Britain as the USA watches, not fighting in the war yet

112
Q

Neutrality Acts

A

1935, 1937
* The US declared it would stop selling weapons and traveling on ships with nations at war
* Pretty useless, as they got around this via the Cash & Carry Act

113
Q

Cash & Carry Policy

A

1939
* Declared that if Europe paid for and picked up their weapons themselves, the US would supply them

114
Q

National Defense Research Committee (NRDC)

A

1940
* A committee created by FDR that cared about science and research, setting out to create SONAR to detect enemies
* All the top scientists worked at the NRDC, and most would soon work on the atomic bomb

115
Q

Fireside Chats

A
  • FDR was able to remain popular by reaching out to people via radio and having chats about current events to help people get through the depression
  • Gave important motivational chats such as saying we should work like we’re at war to protect democracy
  • Gave people four reasons to move forward: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear
116
Q

Lend-Lease Act

A

1941
* Allowed the president to lend, lease, sell, and transfer weapons to any country that would “protect democracy”

117
Q

Atlantic Charter

A

1941
* The US allied with Great Britain, Stalin wanted help because Germany betrayed them
* Stalin was losing thousands of soldiers, Atlantic charter helped but let him become weaker first

118
Q

Attack on Pearl Harbor

A

1941
* Japan was imperializing the rest of Asia, and the US threatened to cut off their oil if they continued, which the Japanese did so the US followed through
* The US knew that the Japanese were planning to attack somewhere, but didn’t know the exact location
* Japan missed the aircraft carriers so the US wasn’t as harmed as it could have been, around 2.5k people died during the attacks
* The US decided to declare war against Japan and in turn the rest of the Axis powers, congress all said yea except one person

119
Q

Recruitment in WW2

A
  • The army had lots of recruits to fight in the war, but the army was still segregated
  • Most women never saw combat and filled out other roles, so did colored people
120
Q

The Workforce During WW2

A
  • Unemployment almost disappeared in the US, the lowest it had ever been
  • Because most men were fighting in the war, women took their roles in the workforce again but left once the men returned
121
Q

Office of Price Administration (OPA)

A

1941
* An agency that made sure everyone got rations by giving ration books with coupons you’d redeem for limited food
* Also put ceiling prices for items so people could afford them, stores that ignored the ceiling were fined and/or shut down

122
Q

Albert Einstein, the Manhattan Project

A

1942
* Albert Einstein informed FDR in a famous letter that the Germans discovered a potential way to make a deadly weapon
* FDR began the Manhattan Project spread out in rural areas, J. Robert Oppenheimer was put in charge because Einstein was too high-profile

123
Q

Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)

A

1941
* Used scientists to develop radar and SONAR
* Saw the use of penicillin and blood transfers on soldiers years before civilian use

124
Q

Executive Order 9066

A

1942-1945
* Japanese (Italians and Germans on a lesser scale) people living in America were rounded up without anything by the US because “They could be spies”
* Forced to live in cramped towns in rural areas that were barely livable, people who attempted to escape were shot
* Later President Reagan granted 20k to any families affected, not nearly enough

APUSH (10 decks)

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