Unit 4 Key Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Thomas Jefferson
A
- A Democratic-Republican politician who was president from 1801 to 1809.
- His election was one of the first peaceful transitions between political parties.
2
Q
Thomas Jefferson’s Economic Policies
A
- Jefferson wanted to eliminate the national bank like most other Democratic-Republicans but didn’t after he was advised not to.
- Jefferson was one of the only presidents to lower the national debt.
- He spent less money on the military, and though the country was more vulnerable, the debt took a significant drop.
3
Q
Barbary Pirates, Barbary Wars
A
1801
* Americans paid Barbary pirates in Northern Africa to not raid their ships and give them protection navally.
* The first two presidents paid them, Thomas Jefferson initially refused and stopped paying the pirates.
* The pirates began raiding and seizing American ships, Jefferson negotiated for a lower price to avoid escalating into war
4
Q
Louisiana Purchase
A
April 30, 1803
- Due to the Haitian Revolution, the French were willing to sell their territory for 15 million dollars to get out of their debt.
- Jefferson bought the territory from the French, doubling their territory size.
- Jefferson worried that buying the territory may have been unconstitutional, but the purchase was very popular among Americans.
5
Q
Lewis & Clark, Corps of Discovery
A
May 14, 1804 - Sep. 23, 1806
- Colonists had a lot of conflict with Native Americans while they tried to expand.
- Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis & Willian Clark to find a water passage & more about who/what lives there, led the Corps of Discovery in 1804.
- Found the Columbia River in 1806.
6
Q
Sacagawea & Native Tensions
A
- Sacagawea was a Native American woman married to a French man, Lewis & Clark brought her along to communicate with natives.
- Sacagawea also served as a signal to natives as a woman with a child, showed that the white men weren’t there to invade.
7
Q
Marbury vs. Madison
A
February 24, 1803
- As presidents leave & switch parties, they leave Midnight Appointments as they leave the office to appoint federal judges.
- Judges were supposed to receive letters by hand, but W. Madbury didn’t get his appointment from J. Madison and chose to sue him.
- Chief Justice J. Marshall established the principles of judicial review as a result of this Supreme Court case
8
Q
The Midnight Appointments
A
- Appointments when presidents transfer power between parties to fill out any vacant judicial positions before the transfer is made.
9
Q
Loose Constructionist vs. Strict Constructionist
A
Loose Constructionist: People who believed the Constitution was open to interpretation.
Strict Constructionist: People who believed the Constitution should be followed strictly.
10
Q
Hamilton vs. Burr
A
July 11, 1804
- Aaron Burr leaves as VP after one term and attempts to run as governor of New York
- Despite high chances of victory, Burr lost, in part because of Hamilton slandering him
- Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel, dueled in Weehawken, New Jersey, and brought physicians/ some family to watch
- Hamilton’s organs tore and died, Burr attempts to run away
- Burr tried to gain control of Spanish territory and become an emperor, was tried and found guilty of treason, and fled back to Britain
11
Q
Dueling
A
- An 18th & 19th-century tradition where two men pointed guns and attempted to graze (not kill) the person they dueled with
- Any man could challenge any other man to a duel, it was seen as a display of masculinity and disrespectful to decline a duel
12
Q
1804 Election
A
- Thomas Jefferson (D-R) won against Charles Pickey (Feds), had VP as George Clinton instead of Aaron Burr
13
Q
The Chesapeake Incident
A
June 22, 1807
- Brits were not abiding by the Treaty of Paris, staying in the northwestern territory, restricting free trade & impressing Americans
- The Chesapeake was a US ship that the British navy stopped, seized the goods, and impressed/killed the sailors on the ship
14
Q
Embargo Act
A
Dec. 22, 1807
- Jefferson was enraged by the Chesapeake incident and created the Embargo Act to stop trade with all European countries
- Was very unpopular among Americans, caused an economic recession, with the Dem-Rep party taking a big hit
- James Madison later reduced it to countries at war
15
Q
James Madison
A
- James Madison won the election in 1808 (D-R) and passed the Non-Intercourse Act as one of his first actions, reducing the embargo to just countries at war like France or Britain
16
Q
Macon’s Bill No. 2
A
May 1 1810
- US bill stating that if either Brits or French stopped impressing American soldiers, they would solely focus on trade with that country and ignore the other one entirely.
- Bill didn’t work, neither side accepted and kept on fighting each other.
17
Q
Tecumseh’s War
A
Nov. 7, 1811 - Oct. 5, 1813
- William Henry Harrison was trying to get white people to come to Indiana to meet the requirements to go from a territory to a state
- Americans fought against the Native people living there, especially against the Shawnee people under Tecumseh.
- Tecumseh gathered the Shawnee and a few other tribes to fight against the colonists but lost
- While fighting the Natives, Americans began to realize the weapons the Natives were using had been given to them by the British, beginning the War of 1812
18
Q
War of 1812
A
Jun 18, 1812 - Feb 18, 1815
- The British had been disregarding American policies, which led to James Madison declaring war against the British, was even seen as a theater for the Napoleonic wars by some
- US invades York in Canada and burns the capitol, Brits do the same to the White House
- Brits had the advantage but withdrew because they had the chance to defeat Napoleon, who was a much bigger threat
- Created the treaty of Ghent in Belgium on Dec 24, 1814, agreed to an antebellum status quo (go back to before the war, forced Brits to recognize policies and stop harming America.
- Information on treaty spread slowly, with people like Andrew Jackson continuing to defend places like New Orleans from Brits
19
Q
The Era of Good Feelings
A
1815 - 1825
- A period of relative political harmony and nationalist unity in the United States after the War of 1812. Some argue there was also a lot of sectionalism.
20
Q
Henry Clay’s American System
A
- Henry Clay created an economic plan called the American System, outlining three key ideas:
- International improvements funded by the Federal Government
- Implementing tariffs to protect American goods
- Re-establishing the National Bank of the United States
- James Madison vetoed the first suggestion but went through with the other two
